Biomolecules 2

• carbs contain Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• monosaccharides are the simplest form of a carbohydrate
• oligosaccharides are a few linked monosaccharides

  usually associated with proteins & lipids
• polysaccharides consist of many monosaccharides

  e.g. cellulose & glycogen
• monosaccharides are either poly-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones
• aldoses are carbohydrates with an aldehyde group at their most oxidizing carbon

  those with ketose groups at their most oxidizing carbon are called ketoses
• give an example of a 3-carbon carbohydrate?

  glyceraldehyde
• example of a five-carbon carbohydrate ?


  ribose or deoxyribose
• cyclisation occurs when monosaccharides form a ring
• in aldoses happens at carbon 1
• carbon 1 in cyclized aldoses are anomeric carbons
• anomeric carbons are either beta or alpha
• glycosidic bond is the bond between two sugars
• function of polysaccharides is for storage in animals & plants
• glycogen for animals

  cellulose & starch for plants
• lipids are heterogeneous group of water-insoluble organic molecules
• function of lipids

  source of energy in the body

  structural components of cell and organelles

  involved in cellular signalling
• what are the building blocks of lipids

  fatty acids
• fatty acids are hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group
• fatty acids are either saturated or unsaturated
• unsaturated FA


  contain double bonds
• saturated FA


  contains single carbon bonds

  saturated with Hydrogen atoms

  highly flexible
• omega fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega refers to the position of the double bond from the end of the Fatty acid chain
• what is a source and benefit of omega FA


  fatty fish

  support brain structure
• triglycerides have 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
• triglycerides are stored in the adipose tissue & are the principal storage form of energy in the cells
• diacylglycerol mobilizes calcium
• Monoacylglycerol(MAG) is the breakdown product of (Triacylglycerol)TAG in fat digestion
• sphingolipids have a sphingosine, fatty acid and R
• lipoproteins

  particles found in plasma, that transport lipids including cholesterol

  hydrophobic core of triacylglycerols & cholesteryl esters

  phospholipid layer associated with cholesterol and proteins