Human Reproductive System (pg. 62)

• Sperm are male gametes that are produced in the testes. Sperm mix with a liquid to make semen, which is ejaculated from the penis into the vagina of the female during sexual intercourse.
• Male reproductive system - Diagram:

  A) urethra

  B) erectile tissue

  C) testis

  D) glands

  E) head of penis

  F) foreskin

  G) scrotal sac (scrotum)

  H) vas deferens (sperm duct)

  
• Urethra: a tube which carries sperm through the penis during ejaculation. Urine also passes through the urethra to exit the body.
• Erectile tissue: swells when filled with blood, to make the penis erect.
• Testis: where sperm are made.
• Glands: produce the liquid that's added to sperm to make semen.
• Vas deferens (sperm duct): muscular tube that carries sperm from testis towards the urethra.
• The foreskin may be removed.
• Scrotal sac (scrotum): hangs behind the penis and contains the testes.
• The male reproductive system makes sperm.
• The female reproductive system makes ova (eggs).
• Ova are female gametes. An ovum (egg) is produced every 28 days from one of the two ovaries. It then passes into the Fallopian tube: this is where it might meet the sperm that have entered the vagina during sexual intercourse.
• If the ovum isn't fertilised by sperm, it will break up and pass out of the vagina.
• If the ovum is fertilised by sperm, it starts to divide. The new cells will travel down the Fallopian tube to the uterus (womb) and attach to the endometrium (uterus lining). A fertilised ovum develops into an embryo.
• The female reproductive system - Diagram:

  A) Fallopian tube

  B) Uterus (womb)

  C) Vulva

  D) Vagina

  E) Endometrium

  F) Ovary

  G) Muscular uterus wall

  H) Cervix

  
• Fallopian tube (oviduct): a muscular tube that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.
• Uterus (womb): the organ where an embryo grows.
• Vagina: where the sperm are deposited.
• Cervix: the neck of the uterus.
• Endometrium (lining of uterus): has a good blood supply for implantation of an embryo.
• Ovary: the organ that produces ova and sex hormones.
• Hormones promote sexual characteristics at puberty: testosterone in men and oestrogen in women.
• Oestrogen in women causes:

  1. Extra hair on underarms and pubic area.
  2. Hips to widen.
  3. Development of breasts.
  4. Ovum release and start of periods.
• Testosterone in men causes:

  1. Extra hair on face and body.
  2. Muscles to develop.
  3. Penis and testicles to enlarge.
  4. Sperm production.
  5. Deepening of voice.