Inheritance

• What is the "Law of Segregation" in genetics?

  It states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
• How many copies of chromosome 9 do humans have?

  Humans have two copies of chromosome 9.
• What are the matched pairs of chromosomes inherited from each parent called?

  Homologous chromosomes.
• What type of chromosome is chromosome 9?

  Chromosome 9 is an autosomal chromosome.
• What do we inherit from our parents regarding the ABO gene?

  We inherit one copy of the ABO gene from our mom and one from our dad.
• What are different versions of gene copies called?

  Alleles.
• What is the term for an allele combination?

  An allele combination is called your genotype.
• What is the outward expression of genetics called?

  The outward expression of genetics is called your phenotype.
• How many copies of chromosome 9 should be packaged into each sperm cell?

  1 copy of chromosome 9 should be packaged into each sperm cell.
• Under normal conditions, how many copies of a gene are packaged into a sperm cell?

  1 copy of a gene is packaged into a sperm cell.
• What are the main patterns of inheritance?

  • Complete dominance
  • Incomplete dominance
  • Codominance
  • Sex-linked (X-linked)
• What is the first step in solving inheritance practice problems?

  Determine alleles and how they interact.
• What should you do after determining an individual's genotype in inheritance problems?

  Determine alleles that will be packaged into sperm and egg.
• What is the purpose of creating a Punnett square?

  To predict offspring genotypes.
• What is the probability of offspring being Tt or tt from the cross Tt x Tt?

  The probability is 50% for Tt and 50% for tt.
• Which genotypes indicate an autosomal recessive disorder?

  Both B and C (Dd and dd).
• Which genotypes indicate an autosomal dominant disorder?

  Both A and B (DD and Dd).
• What pattern of inheritance is indicated by the cross Hh x Hh?

  This indicates complete dominance.
• What are sex-linked traits?

  • Genes carried on X and Y chromosomes
  • X chromosome carries gender genes and essential genes
  • Y chromosome genes are mostly related to gender
• What is X-linked recessive inheritance?

  1. linked recessive inheritance involves a mutated gene on the X chromosome.
• What is the probability of a son inheriting an X-linked trait from a carrier mother?

  The probability is 25% for the son to inherit the trait.
• How do you calculate the probability of two independent traits?

  Apply the product rule by multiplying probabilities of the individual events.
• What is the probability of offspring with yellow seed color from hh and Hh parents?

  The probability is 1/2.
• What is the probability of offspring with round seed shape from rr and Rr parents?

  The probability is 1/2.