Type 1

• What does the IMMUNE SYSTEM do in type 1 diabetes?


  ATTACKS the β-cells in the islets of Langerhans so they CANNOT PRODUCE ANY INSULIN

  Causes of why the immune system does this is unknown
• What have scientists found?

  That some people have a genetic predisposition to developing Type 1 diabetes

  They also think the disease may be triggered by a viral infection
• What happens after eating?

  The blood glucose level rises and STAYS HIGH - this is called HYPERGLYCAEMIA - can result in death if untreated

  The kidneys cannot reabsorb all this glucose so some of it is excreted in urine
• How is Type 1 diabetes treated?


  • With insulin therapy
  • Most people with Type 1 need regular insulin injections throughout the day but some people use an INSULIN PUMP which delivers insulin continuously instead
• Why does insulin therapy need to be carefully controlled?


  Because too much insulin can produce a dangerous DROP in blood glucose- this is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
• What helps to avoid a sudden rise in glucose?


  Eating regularly and controlling simple carbohydrate intake (intake of sugars)