temp changes and energy

• What are the three states of matter discussed in the video?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What model is used to explain how particles behave in different states of matter?

  Particle theory or kinetic theory
• How are particles in solids described in the particle theory?

  As small solid inelastic spheres
• What holds the particles in a solid together?

  Strong forces of attraction
• What structure do particles in a solid form?

  A regular lattice structure
• Why does a solid maintain a definite shape and volume?

  Because the particles are fixed in position
• How do particles in a solid behave?

  They vibrate around in fixed positions
• What happens to the particles in a solid when it is heated?

  They gain energy and vibrate more
• What is the melting point?

  The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid
• What happens to the forces between particles at the melting point?

  The forces weaken, allowing particles to break free
• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  Randomly, but they are fairly compact
• What allows liquids to flow and change shape?

  The weak forces of attraction between particles
• What happens to the particles in a liquid when it is heated?

  They gain energy and move faster
• What is the boiling point?

  The temperature at which a liquid boils or evaporates into a gas
• What happens to the forces between particles at the boiling point?

  The forces weaken enough for particles to break bonds completely
• How do gas particles behave in terms of movement?

  They move freely and fill the container
• What does random motion of gas particles mean?

  Particles can travel in any direction and are deflected randomly
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain energy and travel faster
• What occurs if the gas is in an expandable container when heated?

  The gas will expand
• What happens if the gas is in a fixed container when heated?

  The pressure will increase
• What happens when a gas is cooled down sufficiently?

  Particles form bonds and condense into a liquid
• What happens to a liquid when it is cooled further?

  Particles form more bonds and freeze into a solid
• What is the relationship between changes in state and mass in a closed system?

  Mass remains the same as the number of particles does not change
• How does the density of substances compare among solids, liquids, and gases?

  Solids have the highest density, liquids have lower density, and gases have the lowest density
• What are the key characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases?

  • Solids:
  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Strong forces of attraction
  • Regular lattice structure
  • Liquids:
  • Definite volume but no fixed shape
  • Weak forces of attraction
  • Random arrangement
  • Gases:
  • No definite shape or volume
  • Very weak forces of attraction
  • Fill the container
• What are the processes of changing states of matter?

  • Melting: Solid to liquid at melting point
  • Boiling/Evaporation: Liquid to gas at boiling point
  • Condensation: Gas to liquid when cooled
  • Freezing: Liquid to solid when cooled
• How does temperature affect the states of matter?

  • Heating:
  • Increases energy of particles
  • Can lead to melting or boiling
  • Cooling:
  • Decreases energy of particles
  • Can lead to condensation or freezing
• What is the formula for density?

  $p =$$\frac{m}{V}$
• What are the units for density?

  kg/m³
• What is the particle arrangement in solids, liquids, and gases?

  • Solid: Regular arrangement, very close spacing, vibrate about fixed position
  • Liquid: Random arrangement, close spacing, moves around each other
  • Gas: Random arrangement, far apart spacing, moves quickly in all directions
• How do you compare the density of an irregular shaped object with water?

  Measure mass, initial and final water volume
• What is the first step in measuring the density of an irregular object?

  Measure mass using a top pan balance
• How do you find the volume of an irregular object submerged in water?

  Subtract initial volume from final volume
• What is the equation to calculate density?

  Density = mass/volume
• What should you consider when measuring density with different cylinders?

  Different measuring cylinders have different resolutions
• What is conserved during state changes?

  Mass is conserved
• What type of changes are state changes?

  Physical changes
• What happens to a material when a state change is reversed?

  It regains its original properties
• What is internal energy?

  Energy stored inside a system by particles
• What two types of energy make up internal energy?

  Kinetic energy and potential energy