Human digestieve System

Created by

Ane Pohl

Cards (78)

What is the definition of an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
What are the main components of the human digestive system?
The alimentary canal and associated organs
What is the alimentary canal?
A tubular passage from the mouth to anus
Name two associated organs of the human digestive system.
Liver and pancreas
How many teeth does an adult human have?
32 teeth
What is ingestion?
The taking of food and drink into the mouth
What is the difference between physical digestion and chemical digestion?
Physical digestion breaks food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks large molecules into smaller molecules
What is absorption in the digestive system?
The movement of small nutrient molecules and mineral ions through the walls of the intestines into the blood
What is assimilation in the context of digestion?
The uptake and use of nutrients by cells
What is egestion?
The process of passing undigested food substances out as faeces
What are the main functions of the mouth and mouth cavity in digestion?
Chewing food (mastication)
Mixing food with saliva
Producing a bolus for swallowing
What do salivary glands produce?
Saliva containing water and mucus
What is the role of amylase in saliva?
It hydrolyzes starch into maltose
What is peristalsis?
The contraction and relaxation of muscles to move food along the alimentary canal
What is the function of sphincter muscles in the alimentary canal?
They can contract to close a tube and control the movement of food
What is the function of mucus in the alimentary canal?
To lubricate food and help it move easily
What is the anus?
The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which faeces are removed
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
It closes the trachea to prevent food from entering the windpipe
What does the stomach secrete?
Mucus, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid
What is chyme?
A semi-liquid mixture formed in the stomach
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To complete digestion and absorb nutrients
What is the role of Brunner's glands in the duodenum?
They produce mucus-rich alkaline secretion to protect the duodenum from acid
What is absorbed in the ileum?
Amino acids, glucose, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals
What is the main function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and compact indigestible residue into faeces
What does the pancreas secrete?
Pancreatic juice and hormones like insulin and glucagon
What is the function of bile?
To emulsify fats and aid in their digestion
What is the importance of physical digestion?
It increases the surface area for enzymes to act on food
What are the four types of teeth in humans?
Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
What is enamel?
The strong material that covers the surface of the tooth
What is the function of incisors?
To bite and cut food
What is the function of molars?
To crush and grind food
What are the functions of the different types of teeth?
Incisors: Biting and cutting food
Canines: Grasping and tearing food
Premolars: Crushing and grinding food
Molars: Crushing and grinding food
What is the role of cement in teeth?
It holds the tooth in the gum
What happens to enamel when exposed to acids?
It can dissolve and cause tooth decay
What is emulsification?
The breakdown of large fat globules into smaller droplets
What are the key processes in the digestive system?
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion
What are the main functions of the liver?
Produces bile
Stores minerals and vitamins
Detoxifies harmful substances
Regulates blood glucose concentration
What are the main functions of the gall bladder?
Stores bile produced by the liver
Releases bile into the duodenum
Aids in the emulsification of fats
How many top and bottom teeth do humans typically have?
6 top and 6 bottom
How many cusps do human teeth have?
4 cusps