Carbohydrates

• A single unit of sugar is known as a monosaccharide. i.e. Glucose, Fruticose, and Galactose.
• What is the process of the formation of a disaccharide?

  Process:

  Two monomers join via a condensation reaction in order to form a disaccharide.

  
• What are the most common disaccharides?

  Maltose and Sucrose
• What are disaccharides made up of?

  Disaccharides are made up when 2 monosaccharides join together. There are many different combinations including:

  Maltose > Alpha Glucose + Alpha Glucose

  Sucrose > Alpha Glucose + Fruitcose

  Lactose > Alpha Glucose + Beta Glucose

  Cellobiose > Beta Glucose + Beta Glucose
• What are the Polysaccharides and what are their features?

  Starch > Storage molecule in plants

  • Compact
  • Insolube (doesnt affect water potential)

  Cellulose > Forms Cell Walls

  • Supports the plant
  • Beta glucose polymer
  • Unbranched chains joined by hydrogen bonds

  Glycogen > Storage molecule in animals

  • Compact
  • Insoluble
  • Branched (more than starch as it has more 1,6 glycosidic bonds)
• What is the structure of Ribose?

  Ribose:

  A) OH

  B) H

  C) OH

  D) H

  E) H

  F) OH

  G) H

  
• What is the structure of a - glucose and b - glucose?

  Structure:

  A) OH

  B) H

  C) OH

  D) H

  E) H

  F) H

  G) H

  H) OH

  I) OH

  J) OH