ionic bonding

• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Because of the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions
• Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?

  Because the ions are locked in place and cannot move
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When they are molten or dissolved in water
• What type of bonding occurs when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  Ionic bonding
• What happens to the sodium atom during the reaction with chlorine?

  One electron is transferred from sodium to chlorine
• What charge does a sodium ion have after the reaction?

  One positive charge
• What charge does a chloride ion have after the reaction?

  One negative charge
• What is the electronic structure of sodium and chloride ions after the reaction?

  They both have a full outer energy level
• What is the name of the compound formed from sodium and chlorine?

  Sodium chloride
• What is a giant ionic lattice?

  A structure where every positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and vice versa
• What are the forces of attraction in a giant ionic lattice called?

  Electrostatic forces of attraction
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Because strong electrostatic forces require a lot of heat energy to break
• What is the melting point of sodium chloride?

  Around 800°C
• What happens to the particles of an ionic solid when heated?

  The particles vibrate and can eventually break the electrostatic forces of attraction
• What is the role of ions in conducting electricity in ionic compounds?

  The ions move and carry the electrical charge
• What are the key properties of ionic compounds?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Cannot conduct electricity when solid
  • Can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water
• How does the structure of a giant ionic lattice affect the properties of ionic compounds?

  • Strong electrostatic forces of attraction lead to high melting and boiling points
  • Fixed positions of ions in solid state prevent electrical conductivity
  • Movement of ions in molten or dissolved state allows for electrical conductivity
• What is the significance of a full outer energy level in noble gases?

  It is considered stable and unreactive
• What are the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the first three energy levels?

  • First energy level: 2 electrons
  • Second energy level: 8 electrons
  • Third energy level: 8 electrons
• Why do elements react according to the video?

  To achieve a full outer energy level and a stable electronic structure
• Where are metals and non-metals located on the periodic table?

  Metals are on the left, non-metals are on the right
• What happens during ionic bonding between a metal and a non-metal?

  A metal loses electrons while a non-metal gains electrons
• What is the electron configuration of a lithium atom?

  Two electrons in the first level and one in the outer level
• What charge does a lithium atom have before it loses an electron?

  No overall charge
• How many electrons does a fluorine atom have?

  Nine electrons
• What happens to the charge of a lithium atom after it loses an electron?

  It becomes a lithium ion with a one positive charge
• What charge does a fluorine atom have after gaining an electron?

  It becomes a fluoride ion with a one negative charge
• What is the process of ionic bonding between lithium and fluorine?

  1. Lithium loses one electron.
  2. Fluorine gains that electron.
  3. Both achieve full outer energy levels.
  4. Lithium becomes a lithium ion (1+).
  5. Fluorine becomes a fluoride ion (1-).
• What is shown in the dot and cross diagram for sodium and chlorine?

  Only the outer energy levels are involved in the reaction
• What happens to the outer energy levels of sodium and chlorine during their reaction?

  Both achieve a full outer energy level
• What is the stable electronic structure achieved through ionic bonding?

  • Full outer energy level
  • Similar to that of a noble gas
• What is the significance of a full outer energy level in noble gases?

  It is considered stable and unreactive
• How many electrons can the first energy level hold?

  A maximum of two electrons
• How many electrons can the second energy level hold?

  A maximum of eight electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons the third energy level can hold?

  A maximum of eight electrons
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have a full outer energy level
• What do elements aim to achieve through reactions?

  A full outer energy level for stability
• Where are metals located on the periodic table?

  On the left-hand side
• Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

  On the right-hand side
• What type of bonding occurs when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  Ionic bonding