ionic bonding

• What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds
• How are ions formed from atoms?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• What is the charge of a sodium ion?

  One plus
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve stability with a full outer shell
• How does chlorine form a chloride ion?

  It gains one electron
• What is the charge of a chloride ion?

  One minus
• What happens to sodium and chlorine during ionic bonding?

  Electrons transfer from sodium to chlorine
• What is the significance of the opposite charges of ions in ionic bonding?

  They attract each other to form ionic compounds
• What is the strength of an ionic bond compared to a covalent bond?

  Similar in strength
• What is a dot and cross diagram used for?

  To represent ionic bonding visually
• How do you differentiate electrons in a dot and cross diagram?

  Use dots for one atom and crosses for another
• What should you show in a dot and cross diagram to indicate electron movement?

  Use an arrow
• What is typically shown in a dot and cross diagram?

  Every electron shell of the atoms
• How would you draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride?

  Only draw the outermost shells
• How many outer electrons does magnesium have?

  Two outer electrons
• What do the two chlorines need to achieve stability?

  One more electron each
• What are ions?

  Atoms that have lost or gained electrons
• How are ions formed?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable
• What is the equation for a sodium atom forming a sodium ion?

  Na → Na⁺ + e^-
• What is the equation for a chlorine atom forming a chloride ion?

  Cl + e^- → Cl^-
• Why do atoms form ions?

  To achieve a full outer shell of electrons
• What is an ionic bond?

  The strong attraction between oppositely charged ions
• How are ionic compounds represented using dot and cross diagrams?

  Electrons of one atom are shown as dots, the other as crosses
• What is the dot and cross diagram for sodium chloride (NaCl)?

  <latex>

  \begin{array}{c}

  \text{Na}^+ \quad \text{Cl}^- \\

  \bullet \quad \times

  \end{array}

  </latex>
• Draw the dot and cross diagram for the formation of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), showing only the outermost shells.

  <latex>

  \begin{array}{c}

  \text{Mg}^{2+} \quad \text{Cl}^- \quad \text{Cl}^- \\

  \bullet \bullet \quad \times \quad \times

  \end{array}

  </latex>
• What are the key features of dot and cross diagrams for ionic compounds?

  • Electrons of one atom are shown as dots, the other as crosses
  • Arrows show the movement of electrons
  • Ions are arranged to show the ionic compound structure
  • Can show just the outermost electron shells or all shells
• What are the steps to draw a dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound?

  1. Draw the reactant atoms with their outer shell electrons
  2. Determine which atoms will lose and gain electrons
  3. Show the transfer of electrons between atoms
  4. Arrange the resulting ions in the ionic compound structure
• What are the key differences between ionic and covalent bonds?

  Ionic bonds:

  • Form between a metal and a non-metal
  • Involve the complete transfer of electrons
  • Result in oppositely charged ions
  • Are strong, similar in strength to covalent bonds

  
  

  Covalent bonds:

  • Form between two non-metals
  • Involve the sharing of electrons
  • Result in electrically neutral molecules
  • Can be polar or non-polar