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Biology
Paper Two
Homeostasis and Response
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Cards (320)
Why is homeostasis important for cells?
It maintains the right conditions for
enzyme
action
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What does homeostasis regulate?
Conditions
inside the body and cells
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What types of systems regulate the internal environment?
Nervous
and
hormonal
systems
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Name one control system that maintains body temperature.
Thermoregulation system
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What are the main components of automatic control systems?
Receptors
,
coordination centres
, and effectors
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How does negative feedback work in homeostasis?
It counteracts changes to restore
optimum
levels
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What are the steps of negative feedback in homeostasis?
Receptor
detects a
stimulus
(too high or too low)
Coordination centre
processes information and organizes a response
Effector
produces a response to restore optimum level
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What happens if the level changes too much during negative feedback?
Receptors
and negative feedback activate automatically
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What is the role of effectors in homeostasis?
They produce
responses
to counteract changes
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What is an example of a stimulus that receptors might detect?
Water level or temperature
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What does the coordination centre do in the feedback process?
It receives and processes
information
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What happens when the level of a substance is too high?
Receptor detects the
stimulus
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What happens when the level of a substance is too low?
Receptor
detects the
stimulus
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How long do effectors produce responses?
As long as needed by the
coordination centre
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What is the consequence of effectors producing too much response?
It may cause levels to
change too much
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What is the primary function of the nervous system?
To monitor and respond to
environmental
changes
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How does the nervous system help organisms survive?
By organizing successful responses to
stimuli
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What are the main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Brain
Spinal cord
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What connects the CNS to the body in mammals?
Sensory neurones
and
motor neurones
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What do sensory neurones do?
Carry information to the
CNS
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What is the role of motor neurones?
Carry impulses from the
CNS
to
effectors
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What are effectors in the nervous system?
Muscles and glands responding to
impulses
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What is the process involving receptors and effectors?
Receptors detect
stimuli
.
Various types exist (
tongue
,
nose
,
skin
,
eyes
).
Receptors can be part of complex organs (e.g.,
retina
).
Effectors respond to
impulses
and bring changes.
Muscles
contract;
glands
secrete
hormones
.
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What is the role of the CNS in coordinating responses?
It
receives
information
and
decides
on
responses
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Describe the response of a bird when it spots a cat.
Bird spots cat (
stimulus
).
Receptors
in the eye are stimulated.
Sensory neurones send information to the
CNS
.
CNS decides on a response.
CNS sends information to wing muscles (
effectors
).
Muscles contract, bird flies away.
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What do nerve impulses do in the body?
Travel rapidly to and from the
brain
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What is the connection between neurones called?
A
synapse
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How is the nerve signal transferred across a synapse?
By
chemicals
that
diffuse
across the gap
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What happens after chemicals diffuse across the synapse?
They set off an electrical signal in the next
neurone
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What are reflexes?
Rapid
automatic
responses to stimuli
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How do reflexes help prevent injury?
They reduce the
chances
of being injured
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What happens to your pupils when bright light shines in your eyes?
They
automatically
get smaller
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What hormone is released when you get a shock?
Adrenaline
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What is the passage of information in a reflex called?
A
reflex arc
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Where do neurones in reflex arcs go through?
The
spinal cord
or
unconscious brain
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What happens when a painful bee sting is detected?
Impulses are sent along a
sensory neurone
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What triggers the release of chemicals at a synapse?
Impulses
reaching the synapse
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What happens when impulses reach the synapse between the relay neurone and motor neurone?
Chemicals
are
released
, causing
impulses
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What does the motor neurone do in a reflex arc?
It sends impulses to the
effector
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What is usually the effector in a reflex action?
A
muscle
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