ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• HISTORY OF THE ATOM?

  1. Democritus
  2. Dalton
  3. Thomson
  4. Rutherford
  5. Bohr
  6. Chadwick
  7. Orbitals
• DEMOCRITUS?

  atoms
• DALTON?

  • solid spheres
  • cannot be cut
  • different sizes and masses
• THOMSON?

  • plum pudding model
  • cloud of positive gas
  • electrons scattered
  • can cut through + see inside
• RUTHERFORD?

  • alpha particle scattering experiment
  • tiny concentrated positive mass (nucleus)
  • mostly empty space
• BOHR?

  • electron shells/ energy levels
  • electronic configuration
• CHADWICK?

  • neutrons
  • isotopes
• ORBITALS?

  • s, p, d, f
  • pairs
• WHAT DOES THE S ORBITAL LOOK LIKE?

  circle (only exist in a sphere)
• WHAT DOES THE P ORBITAL LOOK LIKE?

  8
• WHAT DOES THE D ORBITAL LOOK LIKE?

  ring
• ATOMIC MASS?

  protons + neutrons
• ATOMIC NUMBER?

  protons or electrons
• PROTON/ ELECTRON NUMBER?

  atomic number
• PROTONS + NEUTRONS?

  atomic mass
• COLLECTIVE TERM FOR PROTONS AND NEUTRONS?

  nucleons
• ATOMIC DIAMETER?

  10^-10 m
• NUCLEUS DIAMETER (m)?

  10^-15 m
• NUCLEUS DIAMETER?

  1 fm
• WHAT DOES fm STAND FOR?

  fentometre
• WHAT DOES 1 FM EQUAL?

  10^-15 m
• PROTON MASS?

  1.673 x 10^-27 kg
• NEUTRON MASS?

  1.675 x 10^-27 kg
• ELECTRON MASS?

  0.911 x 10^-30 kg
• PROTON CHARGE?

  +1.602 x 10^-19 C
• NEUTRON CHARGE?

  0
• ELECTRON CHARGE?

  -1.602 x 10^-19 C
• WHERE ARE PROTONS FOUND?

  in nucleus
• WHERE ARE NEUTRONS FOUND?

  in nucleus
• WHERE ARE ELECTRONS FOUND?

  around nucleus
• PROTON RELATIVE MASS?

  1
• NEUTRON RELATIVE MASS?

  1
• ELECTRON RELATIVE MASS?

  1/1840
• PROTON RELATIVE CHARGE?

  +1
• ELECTRON RELATIVE CHARGE?

  -1
• HOW ARE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS HELD TOGETHER IN THE NUCLEUS?

  strong nuclear forces
• WHAT DO STRONG NUCLEAR FORCES HOLD TOGETHER?

  protons and neutrons
• WHICH ARE STRONGER, NUCLEAR FORCES OF ELECTROSTATIC FORCES OF ATTRACTION?

  nuclear forces
• WHAT DO ELECTROSTATIC FORCES OF ATTRACTION HOLD TOGETHER?

  protons and electrons
• WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF STRONG NUCLEAR FORCES IN THE NUCLEUS?

  so the repulsion that exists between protons in the nucleus is overcome