effects of learning on development

• what does dweck state


  the set of assumptions we have (mindset) affects success.

  success is due to effort not talent.
• whats the positive effect of praise


  its a reward.

  it makes people feel good, so bahaviour is repeated.
• why should you praise effort rather than performance


  praising effort enables control.

  praising performance is demotivating.
• what is self-efficacy


  understanding your own abilities.

  self-efficacy increases or decreases future success.
• whats the effect of self-efficacy on motivation


  if high self-efficacy : greater effort, persist longer, greater task performance, and more resilience.
• what are 3 evaluation points of praise and self-efficacy


  -praise destroys internal motivation

  +research support

  +practical application
• praise and self-efficacy evalution - praise destroys internal motivation (-)


  praise destroys internal motivation.

  you become less interested if you have been previously rewarded.

  praise can actually have the opposite effect.
• praise and self-efficacy evaluation - practical application (+)

  practical application.

  students criticised for EFFORT rather than PRAISE performed better on a test.

  there is validity.
• praise and self-efficacy evaluation - real world application (+)


  real world application.

  research into the stereotype effect shows performance on an IQ test may be lowered if reminded of a relevant stereotype.

  there is validity.
• what is a learning style


  people differ in how they learn.

  matching teaching to learning style should improve learning.
• what are the 3 learning styles


  verbaliser

  visualiser

  kinaesthetic leaner
• learning styles - verbaliser


  focuses on words.

  processes by hearing or reading information and talking about it.
• learning styles - visualiser


  processes information by seeing spatial relationships using diagrams, mindmaps, graphs, etc.
• learning styles - kinaesthetic learner


  learning by active exploration, making things, physical activities, etc.
• what are 3 evaluation points for learning styles

  +real world application

  -no supporting evidence

  -too many different styles
• learning styles evaluation - real world application (+)


  real world application.

  teachers have changed from traditional methods, and adopted a varied approach to learning.

  it benefits the students learning, and there is validity.
• learning styles evaluation - no supporting evidence (-)


  no supporting evidence.

  no good quality studies that claim learning styles improve performance.

  lack of validity.
• learning styles evaluation - too many different styles (-)


  too many different styles.

  coffield identified 71 different types.

  difficult to work out preferred learning style.
• what does willingham state in his learning theory


  educational ideas should be evidence based.

  cognitive psychology and neuroscience can be used to improve learning.
• what are the 4 points of willingham's learning theory


  praise

  memory and forgetting

  self-regulation

  neuroscience
• willingham's learning theory - praise


  praising effort should be unexpected.

  praise before a task led to less motivation in the future (lepper).
• willingham's learning theory - memory and forgetting


  forgetting occurs because of a lack of cues (tulving and psotka).

  practise retrieving information from memory (roediger and karpicke).
• willingham's learning theory - self-regulation


  self control ('delayed gratification', marshmallow test) linked to high academic performance.
• willingham's learning theory - neuroscience


  brain waves in dyslexics are different. this could benefit progress by recieving help earlier (willingham and lloyd).
• what are 3 evaluation points of willingham's learning theory


  +evidence based theory

  +real world application

  -application of neuroscience
• willingham's learning theory evaluation - evidence based theory (+)


  evidence based theory.

  based on scientific evidence.

  theory has high validity.
• willingham's learning theory evaluation - real world application (+)


  real world application.

  positive impact on education.

  better impact than learning styles.
• willingham's learning theory evaluation - application of neuroscience (-)


  application of neuroscience.

  dyslexia cannot be diagnosed by brain waves as its not just linked to one thing.

  lacks some validity.