Parasites

    Cards (35)

    • Tapeworm adaptactions

      Tough cuticle-protection against digestive system
      Suckers-suck into gut wall to not get flushed out with food
      Respire anaerobically
      Zoonotic
      Hermaphrodite-fertilise themselves (female&male organs)
      Ribbon shape-large surface area to absorb more nutrients
      Eggs have resistive coating-can survive any environment
      Eggs & larvae can spend weeks-months on the ground
    • Tapeworm symptoms
      Bloated abdomen
      Vomiting
      Diarrhoea
      Weight loss
      Scooting
      Excessive anal licking
      Worm segments in faeces
    • Endoparasites
      Live inside the hosts body
    • Roundworm adaptations
      Live in intestines up to 2 years
      Reproduce sexually in the gut
      Respire anaerobically
    • Roundworm symptoms
      Coughing
      Vomiting
      Diarrhoea
      Lethargy
      Bloated abdomen
    • Roundworm larvae can cause;

      Blindness
      Pneumonia
      Infect young through umbilical cord or milk ducts
    • Ectoparasites
      Live outside the hosts body
    • flea adaptations
      6 legs-move fast
      Expanding body-holds lots of blood during feed
      Specialised mouth parts-to pierce skin
      Anaesthetic saliva-numbs area -host can’t feel it
      Anticoagular saliva- blood doesnt clot
      Narrow body- move easily between hairs
      Short life cycle-reproduce quickly
    • Flea symptoms

      Flea dermititis-animals that are allergic to the flea saliva scratch to the point of hair loss and red sore skin
      Thickened skin-scratching->damaged skin->skin heals->scratching->skin heals with scar tissue (thickened skin)
      Excessive scratchinf
    • Flea bites can lead to anemia if the animal has a large number of fleas.
    • Flea treatment
      Tablets
      Powders
      Sprays
      Spot ons
      Collars
      Liquid in food
      Shampoos
    • Flea treatment
      Tablets
      Powders
      Sprays
      Spot ons
      Collars
      Liquid in food
      Shampoos
    • Flea prevention
      Regular vacuuming
      Flea collars
    • Mite adaptions
      Burrowing parasite
      Zoonotic
      0.1-0.4mm
      8 legs
    • Mite symptoms 

      Alopecia-hair loss
      Excessive scratching
      Crusty skin
      Mange
      Secondary infection
      Not interested in surroundings
    • Types of mites
      Sarcoptes
      Demodectes
      Red poultry mires
    • Types of mites
      Sarcoptes
      Demodectes
      Red poultry mites
      Demodex mites
      Tar mites
      Sarcoptic mange mites
      Scaly leg mites
      Feather mites
    • Mite treatment
      Demodectes-luemectin 2-3 months
      Sarcoptes-selamectin 4 weeks
    • Tick adaptions
      Small
      8 legs
      Anticoagulant
      Anaesthetic
    • Symptoms include of tick ingestion
      Fever
      Lameness
      Lethargy
      Joint pain
      Grey dots
    • Associated diseases with ticks
      Lyme disease
      Anaplasmosis-yellow fever
      Babesiosis-red fever
    • Tick treatment
      Tick twister
      Petroleum jelly-to suffocate
      Tweezers
      Do NOT squeeze ticks
    • Tick prevention
      Sprays
      Tick repellant collars
      Spot on
      Avoid woodland areas and long rough grass between March and October
    • Flea & tapeworm life cycle
      Segments of tapeworm break off and are expelled through the faeces -> Segments burst with eggs into the environment -> flea larvae ingest the eggs -> eggs hatch intestines of flea pupae -> animal ingests infected flea whilst grooming
    • How animals get tapeworms
      Eating animals with tapeworms
      Ingesting infected fleas or mites while grooming
      Licking or sniffing worm eggs
    • Tapeworm treatment
      Praziquante- dissolves tapeworms
    • Tapeworm prevention

      Proper flea control
      Avoid dead & alive wild animals
      Dispose of faeces quickly
      Keep environment clean & tidy
      Regular flea & worm control
    • Roundworm treatment

      Wormers regularly
      Spot on
      Tablets
      Liquid
      Paste
      Active ingredient: Pyrantel pamoate- paralyses the worm
    • Roundworm prevention
      Treat females before they breed
      Keep environment clean
      Dispose of faeces properly
      Keep away from wild animals
      Worm puppies when young
    • 1 roundworm can lay up to 85000 eggs a day
    • Roundworm lifecycle

      Eggs passed in faeces -> eggs ingested by immediate host -> animal ingests infected flea eggs or immediate host -> adult worms lay eggs in small intestines
    • Tick lifecycle
      Eggs- layed on the ground after blood
      Larvae- climb->feed->fall->moult
      Nymphs-climb->feed->fall->moult
      Adults-climb->feed->mate->fall->lay eggs
    • Mite lifecycle
      Eggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canal
      Entire adult life spent in 1 day
      Whole process=roughly 13 days
    • Mite lifecycle
      Eggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canalEggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canal
      Entire adult life spent in 1 day
      Whole process=roughly 13 days
    • Flea life cycle
      Eggs (50%)-fall off on environment
      Larvae (35%)-3 moults before pulpating
      Pupae (10%)-hatch in 5-9 days but can stay dormant for 1 year
      Adult (5%)-after a blood meal females produce 30-50 eggs a day
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