Ribbon shape-large surface area to absorb more nutrients
Eggs have resistive coating-can survive any environment
Eggs & larvae can spend weeks-months on the ground
Tapewormsymptoms
Bloated abdomen
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Scooting
Excessive anal licking
Worm segments in faeces
Endoparasites
Live inside the hosts body
Roundworm adaptations
Live in intestines up to 2 years
Reproduce sexually in the gut
Respire anaerobically
Roundwormsymptoms
Coughing
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Lethargy
Bloated abdomen
Roundworm larvae can cause;
Blindness
Pneumonia
Infect young through umbilical cord or milk ducts
Ectoparasites
Live outside the hosts body
fleaadaptations
6 legs-move fast
Expanding body-holds lots of blood during feed
Specialised mouth parts-to pierce skin
Anaesthetic saliva-numbs area -host can’t feel it
Anticoagular saliva- blood doesnt clot
Narrow body- move easily between hairs
Short life cycle-reproduce quickly
Flea symptoms
Flea dermititis-animals that are allergic to the flea saliva scratch to the point of hair loss and red sore skin
Thickened skin-scratching->damaged skin->skin heals->scratching->skin heals with scar tissue (thickened skin)
Excessive scratchinf
Flea bites can lead to anemia if the animal has a large number of fleas.
Flea treatment
Tablets
Powders
Sprays
Spot ons
Collars
Liquid in food
Shampoos
Flea treatment
Tablets
Powders
Sprays
Spot ons
Collars
Liquid in food
Shampoos
Flea prevention
Regular vacuuming
Flea collars
Mite adaptions
Burrowing parasite
Zoonotic
0.1-0.4mm
8 legs
Mite symptoms
Alopecia-hair loss
Excessive scratching
Crusty skin
Mange
Secondary infection
Not interested in surroundings
Types of mites
Sarcoptes
Demodectes
Red poultry mires
Types of mites
Sarcoptes
Demodectes
Red poultry mites
Demodex mites
Tar mites
Sarcoptic mange mites
Scaly leg mites
Feather mites
Mite treatment
Demodectes-luemectin 2-3 months
Sarcoptes-selamectin 4 weeks
Tick adaptions
Small
8 legs
Anticoagulant
Anaesthetic
Symptoms include of tick ingestion
Fever
Lameness
Lethargy
Joint pain
Grey dots
Associated diseases with ticks
Lyme disease
Anaplasmosis-yellow fever
Babesiosis-red fever
Tick treatment
Tick twister
Petroleum jelly-to suffocate
Tweezers
Do NOT squeeze ticks
Tick prevention
Sprays
Tick repellant collars
Spot on
Avoid woodland areas and long rough grass between March and October
Flea & tapeworm life cycle
Segments of tapeworm break off and are expelled through the faeces -> Segments burst with eggs into the environment -> flea larvae ingest the eggs -> eggs hatch intestines of flea pupae -> animal ingests infected flea whilst grooming
How animals get tapeworms
Eating animals with tapeworms
Ingesting infectedfleas or mites while grooming
Licking or sniffing worm eggs
Tapeworm treatment
Praziquante- dissolves tapeworms
Tapeworm prevention
Properflea control
Avoid dead & alive wild animals
Dispose of faeces quickly
Keep environment clean & tidy
Regular flea & worm control
Roundworm treatment
Wormers regularly
Spot on
Tablets
Liquid
Paste
Active ingredient: Pyrantel pamoate- paralyses the worm
Roundworm prevention
Treat females before they breed
Keep environment clean
Dispose of faeces properly
Keep away from wild animals
Worm puppies when young
1 roundworm can lay up to 85000 eggs a day
Roundworm lifecycle
Eggs passed in faeces -> eggsingested by immediate host -> animal ingests infected flea eggs or immediate host -> adult worms lay eggs in small intestines
Tick lifecycle
Eggs- layed on the ground after blood
Larvae- climb->feed->fall->moult
Nymphs-climb->feed->fall->moult
Adults-climb->feed->mate->fall->lay eggs
Mite lifecycle
Eggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canal
Entire adult life spent in 1 day
Whole process=roughly 13 days
Mite lifecycle
Eggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canalEggs-hatch within 4 days->Larvae-feed 4-5 days->moult into nymphs-feed 4 days->moult into adults-feed on wax & debris in ear canal
Entire adult life spent in 1 day
Whole process=roughly 13 days
Flea life cycle
Eggs (50%)-fall off on environment
Larvae (35%)-3 moults before pulpating
Pupae (10%)-hatch in 5-9 days but can stay dormant for 1 year
Adult (5%)-after a blood meal females produce 30-50 eggs a day