definitions urban

• urban population


  people who live in cities and towns
• urbanisation


  a process by which an increasing proportion of a countries population live in towns and cities
• mega city


  an urban area with more then 10 million people
• natural increase 


  when more children are born the people die
• rural to urban migration


  newcomers arrive in the city from the countryside
• HIC - aspects


  high income country

  tourism, abundance of resources, high income, high literacy rate, availability of education
• LIC - aspects


  low income country

  less resources, war, conflict, poverty, low literacy rate, poor healthcare, poor infrastructure, poor quality of life
• push factor


  drives people away from an area
• pull factor 


  draws people into an area
• formal economy


  when people work to receive a regular wage, pay taxes and have certain rights eg paid holiday
• informal economy


  employment outside of official government knowledge, eg Dharavi businesses
• distribution


  the way something is spread over an area
• population density


  number of people in an area - divide number of people in the area to calculate. Units - people per square mile/km

  sparsely populated - not a lot of people

  densely populated - a lot of people
• greenbelt


  an area of open land around a city, on which building is restricted
• greenfield sites


  an area of land which has not yet been built on
• brownfield site


  an area of land that has previously been built on
• migration


  when people move from one place to another

  immigration - into a country

  emigration - out of a country(escape)
• inner city


  centre of a city
• outer city


  outer parts of a city
• urban decline


  the deterioration od inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance.

  often accompanied by decreasing population numbers, unemployment
• urban deprivation


  a standard of living that is below that of the majority in a particular society that involves hardship and lack of resources

  visible differences in housing and economic opportunities
• sustainability


  actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to their needs
• inputs


  things cities need to use in order for them to be liveable

  eg-infrastructure, building materials, jobs, tourism, medical supplies, water, food, energy, education, healthcare
• outputs


  things that city produces as a result of using inputs and being liveable

  eg- pollution, products, noise, overpopulation, waste, crime
• sustainable city


  an urban area where residences have a way of life that will last a long time; the environment is not damaged, the economic base is sound, and there is a strong sense of community
• regeneration


  when money is reinvested into an area that is rundown to improve it . this is done by creating green spaces, improving buildings and roads etc
• gentrification


  when an area is regenerated and attracts richer people and displaces poorer people. OLYMPIC VILLAGES-LONDON 2012