Bonding

• What elements is ionic bonding between?

  metal and non-metal
• What elements is covalent bonding between?

  Nonmetals
• What elements is metallic bonding in between?

  metals
• What happens to electrons in Ionic bonding?

  Transfer from metal to non-metal
• What type of structure is formed in Ionic bonding?

  Giant Ionic lattice
• What are the physical properties of Ionic compounds?

  High melting and boiling point

  soluble

  conduct electricity when molten or dissolved

  brittle and shatter easily
• Why do Ionic compounds shatter easily?

  force causes contact between same charged ions which shatters the structure
• What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?

  shared
• What 2 types of structures can be formed in covalent bonding?

  simple molecule

  Giant Covalent lattice
• Give 4 examples of a Giant Covalent lattice?

  Diamond

  Silicon Dioxide

  Graphite

  Graphene
• What are the properties of simple molecules?

  low melting and boiling point
• What happens to electrons in metallic bonding?

  sea of delocalised electrons with fixed positive metal ions
• What are some properties of metallic compounds?

  high melting and boiling point

  conducts electricity

  conducts heat
• What type of structure is formed in metallic bonding?

  Giant Metallic lattice
• What 2 factors affect strength of metallic bond?

  charge and size of ion
• What is the formula of an ammonium ion?

  NH4+
• What is the formula for a nitrite ion?

  NO2-
• What is the formula nitrate ion?

  NO3-
• What is the formula for a sulfite ion?

  SO3 2-
• What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?

  OH-
• What is the formula for a phosphate ion?

  PO4 3-
• What is the formula for a carbonate ion?

  CO3 2-
• What is the formula for hydrogen carbonate ion?

  HCO3-
• What is the formula of a chlorate ion?

  ClO3-
• What is the formula of a permanganate ion?

  MnO4-
• What is the formula for ethanoate ion?

  CH3COO-
• What is the formula for a hydronium ion?

  H3O+
• What is the formula for a chromate ion?

  CrO4 2-
• What is the formula for a dichromate ion?

  Cr2O7 2-
• Describe how molecules are held together in covalent bonding?

  weak intermolecular forces
• What does electron deficient?

  doesn't have enough electrons to fill it's outer shell to become stable
• What does an expanded octet mean?

  When the outer shell has more than 8 electrons
• What is dative covalent bonding?

  When one atom provides both of the electrons
• In coordinate bonding what 2 thing are true?

  the atom accepting the electron pair is electron deficient

  the atom donating has a lone pair of electrons
• What does lone pair mean?

  electrons not involved in the bond
• What is important about both covalent and dative bonding?

  bonds have same length

  have same average bond enthalpy
• What is electronegativity?

  the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
• Which scale is used to measure electronegativity?

  Pauling Scale
• What is the most electronegative element?

  fluorine
• What is a pure covalent bond?

  type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared evenly between the 2 atoms