Inchoate/Incomplete offences

• What are inchoate offences?

  Inchoate offences are incomplete offences.
• What does it mean to attempt an offence?

  It means doing something 'more than merely preparatory'.
• Which action is an example of doing something 'more than merely preparatory'?

  Pointing a gun at someone.
• What is an example of an action that is merely preparatory?

  Buying poison or guns.
• What is required to be guilty of an attempt?

  There must be intent to commit the underlying offence.
• Can a person be guilty of an attempt if the act is physically impossible?

  Yes, they can still be guilty of attempt.
• What is an example of a legally impossible attempt?

  Bribing a juror who is not a juror.
• What constitutes a conspiracy?

  An agreement between two or more parties.
• Who cannot conspire?

  Minors, those lacking mental capacity, spouses, and proposed victims cannot conspire.
• Can an agreement to conspire be conditional?

  Yes, an agreement can be conditional.
• What is the mens rea required for conspiracy?

  The intention to form an agreement.
• What are the two types of relationships in conspiracies?

  • Chain relationship: one large conspiracy with sub-agreements regarded as one.
  • Hub and Spoke relationships: multiple independent conspiracies with a common member (the hub).
• What is a chain relationship in conspiracies?

  A chain relationship is when one large conspiracy includes sub-agreements regarded as one single scheme.
• What is a hub and spoke relationship in conspiracies?

  A hub and spoke relationship involves multiple conspiracies with a common member and independent sub-agreements.
• What is the significance of a common member in a hub and spoke relationship?

  The common member acts as the hub, connecting various independent conspiracies.