plains indians

• Where did the Lakota-Sioux live before the 1830s?

  near the Great Lakes in the northern edge of the plains
• what caused the Lakota-Sioux to move from the great lakes?

  the expansion of white settlers into native land forced many indigenous people to move to the Sioux’s home - it became overcrowded
• Where did the Lakota move to?

  Black hills - Dakota
• What did the Lakota give up in their move?

  their sedentary farming life to become nomadic and follow buffalo herds
• How did the Lakota advance in their nomadic lives?

  Traded buffalo meat for guns / horses from white settlers to become better hunters - became known for their horsemen skill
• How did the Lakota depend on buffalo?

  meat - food

  skin/fur - shelter (tipis) and clothes
• What beliefs did the Lakota share?

  believed all living things came from the earth - no one could own land.

  their men performed dances for a successful hunt
• why was it difficult for the US to sign treaties with the Lakota?

  They were made up of several tribes with no central leader - these tribes shared different opinions regarding treaties as they had no central power controlling them
• Name two members of the five civilised tribes:

  Creeks and Seminole
• how did Washington try to change the plains Indians so they could better fit in society?

  1790s - tried to civilise them (saw their race as equal but their society was inferior to his own). he tried to persuade them to be more civilised and live life like white people - very racist
• How did the Cherokee try to fit in with Washington’s ideas?

  1825- Cherokee built their own capital that mirrored Washington in attempt of fitting in with white culture
• How did the five civilised tribes gain their name?

  they opened their own churches and school, becoming more alike to white society
• When did the creeks and seminole go to war against white settlers?

  1814 - known as the creek war, these tribes resisted white settlement on their land and fought back against settlers. they were defeated by the US and forced to give up 23 million acres of their land
• Who became president in 1829?

  Andrew Jackson
• Andrew Jackson did not want to civilise tribes like Washington - he wanted to remove them in place of cotton plantations
• When was the Indian removal act?

  1830 - territory in the west was created to hold the natives. Meant to be voluntary at first but tribes were forced to move
• Why did the Cherokee go to the Supreme Court?

  To defend their rights as many had been taken by Georgia - they were defeated as court stated the US knew best in relocating them
• When was the Seminole war against the US?

  1835 - 1842. US tricked Seminole chief into coming for a peace talk, they arrested him and the Seminole resistance ended
• How did the creek take revenge of white settlers on their land?

  They stole livestock and crops, some even committed murder eventually they gave in to the treaty and moved westward to their new territory
• When and what was the trail of tears?

  1838 - remaining 18,000 Cherokee were forced to move west on a long walk -> over 4000 died on march due to hunger, cold and disease. Reflected the extent the US will go to to crush and remove these individuals
• By 1838 all natives had been removed. How did the US use this open land?

  25 million acres of land was given for slavery and white settlement