object oriented programming

• What is a class in programming?

  A class forms a blueprint to instantiate/create an object.
• What is a subclass?

  A subclass is below a superclass in the class hierarchy.
• What does a subclass inherit from a superclass?

  A subclass inherits all of the attributes and methods of the superclass.
• Can a subclass have its own attributes and methods?

  Yes
• What is the relationship between a subclass and a superclass?

  • A subclass is a specialized version of a superclass.
  • It inherits all features of the superclass.
  • It can have additional features, making it more specific.
• What are the characteristics of multiple subclasses in inheritance?

  • Each subclass can inherit from the same superclass.
  • Examples include `Dog`, `Cat`, and `Bird` inheriting from `Animal`.
  • They can share common behavior while defining their own specific behaviors.
• What is polymorphism in programming?

  Polymorphism allows treating different subclasses as instances of the superclass.
• How can polymorphism be demonstrated with a list of objects?

  You can create a list of `Animal` objects that includes `Dog`, `Cat`, and `Bird` and call the `speak` method on each.
• What are the benefits of having a superclass with multiple subclasses?

  • A superclass can have multiple subclasses with specific attributes and methods.
  • This allows for flexible and organized code structure.
  • Enables reuse of common functionality while allowing specialized behavior in subclasses.
• What is a common interface in polymorphism?

  A common interface is a method defined in the superclass that subclasses can override.
• What does it mean for objects to be interchangeable in polymorphism?

  Interchangeable objects can be used in collections as long as they share the same superclass.
• What are methods in the context of classes?

  Methods are subroutines (functions) that allow the object to perform actions.
• What are attributes in the context of classes?

  Attributes are variables that describe the object.
• How are classes created in Java?

  Classes are created using the `class` keyword.
• What does the `public` keyword signify in Java classes?

  The `public` keyword means anyone can access the class from any part of the code.
• How are class methods accessed in Java?

  Class methods are accessed using dot notation.
• What keyword is used to create an object in Java?

  The keyword used to create an object is `new`.
• What is encapsulation in programming?

  • Encapsulation means keeping data safe from direct modification.
  • It is often known as information hiding.
• Can an instance of a class alter the data of another instance of the same class?

  No, an instance of a class cannot alter the data of another instance of the same class.
• Is the statement "An instance of a class can alter the data of another instance of the same class" true or false?

  False
• What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

  Polymorphism is when a subclass alters its inherited methods by overloading or overriding.
• What are the two ways a subclass can alter its inherited methods?

  • Overloading
  • Overriding
• What does the `Shape` superclass define?

  The `Shape` superclass defines a generic `area` method.
• How do the `Circle` and `Triangle` subclasses implement the `area` method?

  They define their own versions of `area` with different parameter lists.
• What is the parameter list for the `Circle.area` method?

  The `Circle.area` method takes one argument, `radius`.
• What is the parameter list for the `Triangle.area` method?

  The `Triangle.area` method takes two arguments, `base` and `height`.
• What is method overloading?

  • Methods with the same name but different parameter lists
  • Allows similar operations for different types of shapes
• Why is overloading beneficial in programming?

  Overloading makes code more flexible and easier to maintain.
• What is method overriding?

  • Subclass refines or customizes behavior defined by the superclass
  • Useful for specific needs of the subclass
• When is overriding particularly useful?

  When a superclass defines a general behavior that needs refinement in a subclass.