Groups in the periodic table

• What is the vertical column of non-metal elements on the far right of the periodic table called?

  Noble gases
• Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table show trends in physical properties?

  They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
• What type of elements are found in group 0 of the periodic table?

  Non-metal elements
• What is a characteristic of the noble gases in terms of chemical reactivity?

  They lack chemical reactivity.
• What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  Atom
• What do physical properties describe?

  The appearance of a substance or how it acts without involving chemical reactions.
• What is the boiling point?

  The temperature at which a substance rapidly changes from a liquid to a gas.
• What trend is observed in the boiling points of noble gases as you move down group 0?

  The boiling points increase as the atoms become larger.
• Which noble gas has the lowest boiling point?

  Helium
• What happens to the attractive forces between atoms as you go down group 0?

  The attractive forces become stronger.
• What are intermolecular forces?

  Weak attractive forces between molecules.
• What is required to overcome intermolecular forces when a substance melts or boils?

  Energy
• If radon is situated below xenon in group 0, what can be predicted about its boiling point?

  It is likely to be midway between -100˚C and -50˚C.
• What is the actual boiling point of radon?

  • 61.7˚C
• What are the physical properties of noble gases?

  • Low boiling points
  • Exist as single atoms
  • Non-reactive
• What are the trends in physical properties of elements in group 0?

  • Boiling points increase down the group
  • Atoms become larger down the group
  • Intermolecular forces become stronger down the group
• What is the significance of the noble gases' lack of chemical reactivity?

  • They are stable due to full outer electron shells
  • They do not readily form compounds
• What is the group number of noble gases in the periodic table?

  Group 0
• What do elements in the same group of the periodic table show trends in?

  Physical properties, such as boiling point
• Why do noble gases have similar chemical properties?

  They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
• What is the electronic structure of helium?

  2
• What is the electronic structure of neon?

  1. 8
• What is the electronic structure of argon?

  1. 8.8
• Why are noble gases considered unreactive?

  They have complete outer shells of electrons
• What happens to atoms of elements when they react?

  They complete their outer shells by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons
• Why do noble gases not share electrons to form molecules?

  They already have stable arrangements of electrons
• What are the key characteristics of noble gases?

  • They are in Group 0 of the periodic table
  • They have complete outer electron shells
  • They are inert and do not participate in chemical reactions
• How does the electronic structure of noble gases contribute to their chemical properties?

  • Complete outer shells lead to stability
  • No tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons
  • Result in low reactivity
• What is the significance of the trends in physical properties among elements in the same group of the periodic table?

  • Indicates similarities in behavior
  • Helps predict properties of unknown elements
  • Useful for understanding chemical reactions
• What is the first vertical column of elements in the periodic table called?

  Group 1
• What are the alkali metals in Group 1 known for?

  They have similar physical and chemical properties.
• Which element is at the top of Group 1 in the periodic table?

  Lithium
• Which element is at the bottom of Group 1 in the periodic table?

  Francium
• What is a physical property?

  A description of the appearance or behavior of a substance without involving chemical reactions.
• What are some physical properties of alkali metals?

  They are soft, have relatively low melting points, and have low densities.
• How does the melting point of alkali metals change as you go down Group 1?

  • The melting point decreases as you move down the group.
  • Example melting points:
  • Lithium: 180°C
  • Sodium: 98°C
  • Potassium: 63°C
  • Rubidium: 39°C
  • Caesium: 28°C
• What is the predicted melting point of francium based on the trend in Group 1?

  It will be around 23-27°C.
• What is the first vertical column of elements in the periodic table called?

  Group 1
• Why is the melting point of francium predicted to be lower than that of caesium?

  Because melting point decreases as you move down the group in the periodic table.
• What are the alkali metals in Group 1 known for?

  They all have one electron in their outer shell.