Transition metals

• What are the transition elements classified as?

  They are classified as metals.
• What are some physical properties of transition elements?

  They have high melting points, high densities, and are strong and hard.
• How do transition elements behave in terms of chemical reactions?

  They form coloured compounds and act as catalysts.
• What is the position of transition elements in the periodic table?

  • Located between groups 2 and 3
  • Central part of the periodic table
• What is a characteristic of metals that transition elements share?

  They conduct electricity in both solid and liquid states.
• What happens to transition elements when they are freshly cut?

  They appear shiny.
• How do transition metals compare to group 1 metals in terms of melting points?

  Most transition metals have higher melting points than group 1 metals.
• What is the density comparison between transition metals and group 1 metals?

  Most transition metals have higher densities than group 1 metals.
• What are some typical properties of transition metals?

  They have greater strength and greater hardness compared to other metals.
• What is an exception to the typical properties of transition metals?

  Mercury melts at just -39°C, making it a liquid at room temperature.
• What is the melting point of mercury?

  • 39°C
• What are the physical properties of transition elements?

  • High melting points
  • High densities
  • Strong and hard
  • Conduct electricity in solid and liquid states
  • Shiny when freshly cut
• What are the differences between transition metals and group 1 metals?

  • Transition metals have higher melting points
  • Transition metals have higher densities
  • Transition metals are generally stronger and harder
• What are transition elements?

  Transition elements are metals.
• What are the physical properties of transition elements?

  They have high melting points and densities, and are strong and hard.
• What unique characteristics do transition elements exhibit?

  They form coloured compounds and act as catalysts.
• Which elements are considered typical transition elements?

  • Chromium (Cr)
  • Manganese (Mn)
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Cobalt (Co)
  • Nickel (Ni)
  • Copper (Cu)
• How does the melting point of chromium compare to that of sodium?

  Chromium has a much higher melting point than sodium.
• What can be inferred about the density of chromium compared to sodium?

  The density of chromium is greater than that of sodium.
• Why is chromium considered a typical transition element?

  Because it has high melting points and densities.
• Why is sodium considered a typical group 1 element?

  Because group 1 elements have low melting points and densities.
• What prediction can be made about the hardness and strength of nickel compared to potassium?

  Nickel is harder and stronger than potassium.
• Why is nickel predicted to be harder and stronger than potassium?

  Because nickel is a transition element and potassium is in group 1.
• What are the typical physical properties of transition elements compared to group 1 elements?

  • Transition elements:
  • High melting points
  • High densities
  • Group 1 elements:
  • Low melting points
  • Low densities
• How do transition elements differ from non-transition elements in terms of their properties?

  • Transition elements:
  • Form coloured compounds
  • Act as catalysts
  • High melting points and densities
  • Non-transition elements:
  • Generally do not form coloured compounds
  • Do not act as catalysts
• What are the transition elements classified as?

  Metals
• What are the physical properties of transition elements?

  They have high melting points and densities, and are strong and hard.
• What unique characteristic do transition elements have regarding their compounds?

  They form coloured compounds.
• How do transition elements function in chemical reactions?

  They act as catalysts.
• What are the chemical properties of transition elements compared to group 1 elements?

  • Transition elements react slowly or not at all with oxygen at room temperature.
  • Group 1 elements react quickly with oxygen at room temperature.
  • Transition elements react slowly with cold water, while group 1 elements react vigorously.
• What is the reaction of copper with oxygen when heated?

  2Cu(s) + O$_2$(g) → 2CuO(s)
• What happens when iron reacts with water and oxygen at room temperature?

  It forms hydrated iron(III) oxide, or rust.
• What is the reaction of iron with chlorine?

  Fe(s) + Cl$_2$(g) → FeCl$_3$(s)
• What types of ions do transition elements form?

  They form ions with different charges.
• Give an example of ions formed by manganese and copper.

  Manganese forms Mn$^{2+}$ and Mn$^{3+}$ ions; copper forms Cu$^{+}$ and Cu$^{2+}$ ions.
• What color do transition elements typically form in their compounds?

  They form coloured compounds.
• What are the colors of some iron compounds?

  • Iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)$_2$: Pale green
  • Iron(III) hydroxide, Fe(OH)$_3$: Orange-brown
  • Iron(III) oxide, Fe$_2$O$_3$: Red-brown
• What is the role of catalysts in chemical reactions?

  Catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron
• What does manganese(IV) oxide do in chemical reactions?

  It increases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.