Muscular system

• What is the main function of the muscular system?

  Producing movement through muscle contraction
• What are the three types of muscle in the body?

  • Smooth muscle: found in internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary
  • Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart, involuntary
  • Skeletal muscle: attached to the skeleton, voluntary
• What distinguishes involuntary muscles from voluntary muscles?

  Involuntary muscles are not under conscious control, while voluntary muscles are.
• What are the two types of skeletal muscle fibers?

  • Slow twitch (Type I - oxidative)
  • Fast twitch (Type II - glycolytic)
• What are the characteristics of Type I and Type II muscle fibers?

  Type I:

  • Speed of contraction: Slow
  • Force produced: Low
  • Resistance to fatigue: High
  • Color: Red
  • Energy system: Aerobic

  
  

  Type II:

  • Speed of contraction: Fast
  • Force produced: Medium/High
  • Resistance to fatigue: Medium/Low
  • Color: White
  • Energy system: Anaerobic
• Why do endurance cyclists need a high percentage of Type I muscle fibers?

  To sustain muscle activity for long durations without fatiguing.
• Why are Type I muscle fibers red in color?

  Because of the amount of capillaries that transport oxygenated blood to the muscles.
• What type of muscle fibers do sprinters require for their performance?

  A high percentage of Type II muscle fibers.
• What is the main advantage of Type II muscle fibers for sprinters?

  They allow for fast muscle contractions, providing power for high speeds over short distances.
• What is fatigue in the context of physical activity?

  Extreme tiredness caused by physical activity.
• How do Type I muscle fibers support long-distance runners?

  They contract slowly with low force, allowing for sustained activity without fatiguing.
• What is the relationship between muscle fiber types and athletic performance?

  • Endurance athletes (e.g., long-distance runners) benefit from Type I fibers for sustained activity.
  • Sprinters require Type II fibers for quick, powerful contractions over short distances.
• These are the main muscles

  
• What is the main concern of the muscular system?

  Producing movement through muscle contraction
• What are the different types of muscles in the body and their involvement in sporting activities?

  • Voluntary muscles
  • Involuntary muscles
  • Cardiac muscles
• How are muscles attached to the skeleton?

  By tendons in two places: the origin and the insertion
• What is the origin of a muscle?

  The end of a muscle attached to a fixed bone
• What is the insertion of a muscle?

  The end of a muscle attached to the bone that moves
• How are muscular contractions defined?

  As the change in the length of the muscle under contraction
• What are the types of muscular contractions?

  1. Isotonic contraction

  • Concentric contraction
  • Eccentric contraction

  1. Isometric contraction
• What is an isotonic contraction?

  A contraction that involves the muscle producing tension and controlling the speed of contraction
• What happens during an isotonic concentric contraction?

  The muscle shortens, moving the origin and insertion closer together
• What occurs during an isotonic eccentric contraction?

  The muscle lengthens while under tension, moving the origin and insertion further apart
• What is the role of eccentric contractions in movement?

  They provide control of movement during the downward phase and resist the force of gravity
• What is an isometric contraction?

  A contraction where the muscle produces tension but stays the same length
• When do isotonic contractions occur after isometric contractions?

  When the isometric contractions end
• What is the difference between concentric and eccentric contractions?

  • Concentric contraction: Muscle shortens, moving origin and insertion closer
  • Eccentric contraction: Muscle lengthens, moving origin and insertion further apart
• What is the role of the biceps during concentric contraction?

  To move weights upwards
• What is the role of the biceps during eccentric contraction?

  To lower weights against resistance
• These are isotonic contractions

  
• What is the main function of the muscular system?

  Producing movement through muscle contraction
• What are the different types of muscles in the body?

  • Voluntary muscles
  • Involuntary muscles
  • Cardiac muscles
• How do muscles move bones?

  Muscles transfer force to bones through tendons
• What is muscle contraction?

  It is the process by which muscles pull on bones to create movement
• What are antagonistic muscle pairs?

  Muscles that work in opposition to each other to move body parts
• What is the role of the agonist in a muscle pair?

  The agonist is the muscle that contracts to produce movement
• What is the role of the antagonist in a muscle pair?

  The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes or lengthens during movement
• How can you remember which muscle is the agonist?

  The agonist is the one that is in 'agony' during the movement
• In a bicep curl, which muscle is the agonist?

  The biceps are the agonist
• In a bicep curl, which muscle is the antagonist?

  The triceps are the antagonist