Long and short term effects of exercise

• What happens to the body systems during exercise?

  They respond immediately to provide energy for the muscles to work.
• How do body systems adapt after regular exercise?

  They become more efficient.
• What systems work together during exercise to supply energy to muscles?

  • Cardiovascular system
  • Respiratory system
  • Energy system
  • Muscular system
• What is the role of the respiratory system during exercise?

  It gets more oxygen into the lungs.
• How does the heart respond during exercise?

  It pumps more oxygenated blood around the body.
• What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

  • Increase in stroke volume (SV)
  • Increase in heart rate (HR)
  • Increase in cardiac output (Q)
  • Increase in blood pressure (BP)
  • Redistribution of blood flow
• What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

  • Increase in breathing rate (BR)
  • Increase in tidal volume (TV)
  • Increase in minute ventilation (VE)
• What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system?

  • Increase in oxygen uptake and transport to working muscles
  • Increase in carbon dioxide removal
• What happens to lactic acid production during exercise?

  There is an increase in lactic acid (lactate) production.
• What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

  • Increase in temperature of muscles
  • Increased pliability (elasticity)
  • Muscle fatigue
• Why do muscles need to rest after exercising?

  To adapt and recover.
• What is the risk if the body is not rested long enough after exercise?

  There is a risk of injury.
• How does warming up affect muscle strain during exercise?

  Warming up increases muscle temperature, making them more pliable.
• What does increased pliability in muscles mean?

  Muscles are more likely to stretch rather than tear.
• What are the long term effects of exercise on the body systems?

  • Improved cardiovascular efficiency
  • Enhanced respiratory capacity
  • Increased muscular strength and endurance
  • Better energy system function
• What is the effect of regular exercise on body systems?

  It leads to adaptations that make the systems more efficient.
• How often should one exercise to see long-term effects on body systems?

  Three times per week for six weeks.
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

  • Cardiac hypertrophy
  • Increased stroke volume (SV) at rest and during exercise
  • Decrease in resting heart rate (HR)
  • Increase in cardiac output (Q)
  • Capillarisation at the lungs and muscles
  • Increase in number of red blood cells
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

  • Increased vital capacity
  • Increase in minute ventilation (VE)
  • Increase in tidal volume (TV)
  • Decrease in breathing rate (BR)
  • Increased number of functioning alveoli
  • Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the energy system?

  • Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system
  • Increased tolerance to lactic acid
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

  • Muscle hypertrophy
  • Increased strength of tendons
  • Increased strength of ligaments
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the skeletal system?

  • Increase in bone density
• What does cardiac hypertrophy mean?

  It means an increase in the size of the heart muscle.
• What happens to the left ventricle during cardiac hypertrophy?

  The muscle wall increases in size, allowing it to pump more blood.
• How does stroke volume (SV) relate to resting heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q)?

  As stroke volume increases, resting heart rate decreases, but cardiac output remains the same.
• What is capillarisation?

  It is the process of forming new capillaries.
• What is the effect of capillarisation on oxygen transfer to muscles?

  It increases the amount of oxygen that can be transferred to working muscles.
• Give an example of an exercise that produces cardiac hypertrophy.

  Any endurance sport, such as long-distance running.
• Give an example of an exercise that produces muscle hypertrophy.

  Any type of resistance exercise, such as weight training.
• What are the types of training associated with the long-term effects on different body systems?

  • Cardiovascular system: Aerobic training
  • Respiratory system: Aerobic training
  • Energy system: Aerobic and anaerobic training
  • Muscular system: Resistance training
  • Skeletal system: Resistance training