Movement analysis

• What is the purpose of specific terminology in movement analysis in sports?

  To clearly understand and analyze different types of movements
• What are the components of a lever in the human body?

  • Rigid structure (bone)
  • Force acting upon it (muscle)
  • Fulcrum (fixed point, joint)
  • Load or resistance (weight of body part and anything it carries)
• What are the three types of levers?

  First class, second class, and third class levers
• Where is a first class lever found in the body?

  In the neck when raising the head to head a football
• What is the role of the neck muscles in a first class lever?

  The neck muscles provide the effort
• What is a second class lever and where is it found?

  The load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort, found in the ankle area
• What happens when standing on tiptoe in terms of levers?

  The ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum, the weight of the body is the load, and the effort comes from the gastrocnemius muscle
• What is a third class lever and where is it found?

  The effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and the load, found during a biceps curl
• What is the role of the biceps in a third class lever during a biceps curl?

  The effort comes from the biceps contracting
• What is meant by high mechanical advantage in levers?

  When a lever's effort arm is longer than its load arm, allowing large loads to be moved with less effort
• Which type of lever always has high mechanical advantage?

  Second class levers
• Under what condition can first class levers have high mechanical advantage?

  If the fulcrum is close to the load
• How can you remember the order of the lever types?

  Use the term 'FLE':

  • First class lever: Fulcrum in the middle
  • Second class lever: Load in the middle
  • Third class lever: Effort in the middle
• How do the different types of levers affect movement in sports?

  They determine the efficiency and effectiveness of movements based on the arrangement of effort, load, and fulcrum
• What is the purpose of specific terminology in movement analysis?

  To clearly understand different types of movements in sport
• What are the definitions of a plane and an axis in movement analysis?

  • Plane: An imaginary flat surface running through the body.
  • Axis: An imaginary line at right angles to the plane, about which the body rotates or spins.
• How many planes of movement are there?

  Three planes of movement
• What are the three planes of movement and their characteristics?

  1. Sagittal plane: Divides body into left and right; involves flexion and extension.
  2. Frontal plane: Divides body into front and back; involves abduction and adduction.
  3. Transverse plane: Divides body horizontally; involves rotation.
• What type of movement occurs in the sagittal plane?

  Flexion and extension movements
• Give an example of a movement that occurs in the sagittal plane.

  Kicking a football
• What type of movements occur in the frontal plane?

  Abduction and adduction movements
• Provide an example of a movement that occurs in the frontal plane.

  Jumping jack exercises
• What type of movements occur in the transverse plane?

  Rotation movements
• Give an example of a movement that occurs in the transverse plane.

  Hip rotation in a golf swing
• What are the characteristics of parallel lines in relation to movement?

  • Parallel lines are always the same distance apart.
  • They never meet, regardless of how far they are extended.
• How many axes of movement are there?

  Three axes of movement
• What are the three axes of movement and their characteristics?

  1. Frontal axis: Runs from left to right; rotation example: somersault.
  2. Sagittal axis: Runs from front to back; rotation example: cartwheel.
  3. Vertical axis: Runs from top to bottom; rotation example: skater's spin.
• What plane and axis of rotation does a forward roll take place in?

  Plane – sagittal; Axis – frontal
• How does movement analysis relate to the skeletal and muscular systems?

  • Movement analysis links closely with the skeletal system.
  • Movement analysis links closely with the muscular system.
• First class lever

  
• Second class lever

  
• Third class lever

  
• Frontal axis

  
• Sagittal axis

  
• Vertical axis

  
• Sagittal plane

  
• Frontal plane

  
• Transverse plane