Chemistry

• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• What is the charge of a neutron?

  0
• What is the charge of an electron?

  • 1
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• What is the relative mass of a neutron?

  1
• What is the relative mass of an electron?

  Very small
• How many types of atoms do elements contain?

  Only one type
• What are compounds?

  Substances containing two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together
• What are mixtures?

  Substances containing two or more different elements that are not chemically bonded together
• What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography?

  Chromatogram
• Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

  Filtration
• Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?

  Evaporation or Crystallisation
• Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points?

  Fractional distillation
• Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong?

  Ernest Rutherford
• Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron?

  Niels Bohr
• Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements?

  To ensure that elements with similar properties stayed in the same groups and to indicate undiscovered elements
• How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element related?

  The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell of an element
• What kind of ions do metals form?

  Positive
• Where are the non-metals on the periodic table?

  On the right hand side
• Give three properties which are specific to transition metals.

  They can form more than one ion, are often coloured, and make good catalysts
• State three trends as you go down Group 1.

  Increased reactivity, lower melting and boiling points, higher relative atomic mass
• What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water?

  Hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide
• What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals?

  Transition metals are harder, denser, and stronger than Group 1 metals
• What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals?

  Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals
• What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals?

  Transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals
• What trends occur as you go down Group 7?

  They become less reactive, have higher melting and boiling points, and higher relative atomic masses
• What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals?

  They form negative ions
• What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0?

  The boiling points increase
• What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?

  Protons and neutrons
• What is relative atomic mass?

  The mass number which refers to the element as a whole
• How are positive ions formed?

  A metal atom loses electrons
• How are negative ions formed?

  A non-metal gains electrons
• What is air a mixture of?

  Gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon
• What is crude oil a mixture of?

  Different length hydrocarbon molecules
• How can you separate substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• What is simple distillation used for?

  Separating out a liquid from a solution
• How were elements arranged in the early 1800s?

  By their physical and chemical properties and their relative atomic mass
• How are columns arranged in the periodic table?

  Elements with similar properties
• What are the three similar basic properties of metals?

  They're strong but malleable, great at conducting heat and electricity, and have high boiling and melting points
• What is the product of the reaction of a Group 1 metal with chlorine?

  A metal chloride salt