computer science 1.2

• What is required in addition to a program for a computer system to run?

  System software
• What are the two main types of system software?

  • Operating systems
  • Utility software
• What are examples of operating systems?

  Windows, macOS, Linux, Android
• What are the roles of an operating system?

  • Error handling
  • Program management
  • Memory management
  • Interaction with the user
  • Processor management
  • Input and output
  • Security
  • File management
• What does an operating system do when a program fails?

  Protects the wider system from crashing
• How does an operating system manage multiple processes?

  Ensures each application has enough resources
• What does the operating system control in RAM?

  Where each piece of data is stored
• What interface does the operating system provide to users?

  A graphical user interface
• Who executes instructions in a computer system?

  The CPU executes instructions
• How does the operating system handle data from peripherals?

  Captures data and provides it to output devices
• What does the operating system do for security?

  Stops unauthorized access to data
• What happens when you save data to your hard drive?

  The OS finds storage and writes data
• What does BIOS stand for?

  Basic Input/Output System
• What does BIOS control in a computer?

  Basic code for controlling hardware
• What do you see when starting up a computer with BIOS?

  A black screen with "Press F2 for Setup"
• What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

  • RAM:
  • Readable and writable
  • Volatile memory
  • Fast read/write speed
  • ROM:
  • Read-only
  • Non-volatile memory
  • Fast access
• What is the main storage device in a computer?

  The hard drive
• What is stored on the hard drive?

  Files, folders, and the operating system
• What does RAM stand for?

  Random Access Memory
• What does ROM stand for?

  Read-Only Memory
• What is the function of the hard drive?

  Stores files and the operating system
• What does BIOS contain?

  Basic code for controlling hardware