UNIT 1

• Philosophy word etymology

  Philo (love), Sophia (wisdom)
• Philosophy is called as “the mother of sciences”
• Metaphysics


  It is beyond physics or nature. Deals with nature of reality and everything that exists
• Thales


  considered as the first Greek philosopher. Proposed that everything was made of water
• Heraclitus


  He claimed that everything would start and end with a fire
• Epistemology


  The branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge and knowing.
• Value Theory


  It deals more with how we live, act, and place value on certain things
• Ethics 


  How we live and act as a member of society as rational beings
• Aesthetics


  Beauty is the main concern and whether it is possible to actually have a standard beauty at all
• Aristotle


  “Man is a rational animal”
• Logic


  The use of arguments/premises correctly
• Deductive arguments


  Starts from general and ends with specific.
• Valid argument


  When conclusion drawn from premises makes sense
• Invalid argument


  When the conclusion doesn’t make sense
• Inductive arguments


  Don’t deal with certainties but with probabilities and likelihood.
• Strong


  Argument where proofs presented in the premises lead us to believe that conclusion is likely
• Weak 


  An argument that has vague evidence
• Plato


  Wrote the Allegory of the Cave, Republic
• Allegory of the Cave


  About prisoners who have never been outside the cave
• World of Pure Forms


  Above and beyond man’s knowledge. The world outside the cave.