fighting infection

• how would you describe the period after first exposure to the antigen


  a latent period
• what is the first stage of the primary immune response


  the phagocytes engulf the foreign antigen
• what happens in the primary immune response after the phagocyte has engulfed the pathogen

  the phagocyte incorporates part of the antigen on its own cell membrane as well as other b cells and infected body cells
• what happens in the primary immune response after the phagocyte has incorporated part of the antigen


  the antigen presenting cells activate specific t cells which undergo clonal expansion
• what happens in the primary immune response after specific t cells undergo clonal expansion

  it will cause t helper cells to release cytokines
• what happens in the primary immune response after cytokine have been produced


  cytokines will stimulate b cells to undergo clonal expansion to form plasma b cells which will start secreting antibodies
• how long do activated b plasma cells secret antibodies for and why


  usually 3 three weeks after which the infection subsides
• what is meant by the secondary immune response

  Upon a second exposure to a pathogen, memory cells resulting from the first exposure produce a much stronger and swifter reaction.
• what is meant by a primary immune response

  this is when the body first interacts with an antigen
• what is the first step of the secondary immune response


  re exposure to the same antigen
• what happens during a secondary immune response after re exposure to the same antigen


  after a very short latent period memory cells undergo rapid clonal expansion
• what happens during a secondary immune response after memory cells undergo clonal expansion


  a small amount of antigen stimulates rapid production of plasma b cells
• what happens during a secondary immune response after plasma b cells are made


  antibodies are made more quickly and more concentrated then in a primary response
• what happens during a secondary immune response after antibodies are made at high concentration


  the antigens are fought quickly so no symptoms develop