Oxidative Phosphorylation

• What is the final stage in aerobic respiration?

  Oxidative phosphorylation
• What are the products of glycolysis?

  • 2 reduced NAD coenzymes
  • 2 net ATP
  • 2 pyruvates
• What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

  It is broken down into two pyruvates.
• How many reduced NAD coenzymes are produced in the link reaction?

  2 reduced NAD coenzymes
• What is the aceto group converted into during the link reaction?

  Acetyl coenzyme A
• What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

  • 6 reduced NAD coenzymes
  • 2 reduced FAD coenzymes
  • 2 ATP molecules
• Why are NAD and FAD considered reduced during aerobic respiration?

  They have picked up hydrogens.
• What is the structure of the mitochondrion relevant to oxidative phosphorylation?

  • Inner and outer membrane
  • Intermembrane space (narrow for hydrogen ion accumulation)
  • Cristae (folding of the inner membrane increases surface area)
• What is the role of the intermembrane space in mitochondria?

  It allows for the accumulation of hydrogen ions.
• What is the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

  Oxygen
• What waste product is formed during respiration?

  Water
• How is ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation?

  • Hydrogen ions move down their electrochemical gradient.
  • This movement provides energy for ADP and inorganic phosphate to combine.
  • ATP is formed as a result.
• What is chemiosmosis?

  The movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase.
• What is the role of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?

  It facilitates the movement of electrons and pumps hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space.
• How does the structure of the mitochondrion support its function in oxidative phosphorylation?

  The cristae increase surface area for housing proteins involved in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis.
• What is the significance of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

  • It produces the majority of ATP.
  • It involves oxidation-reduction reactions.
  • It requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
• What is the name of the arrangement of proteins in the mitochondrial cristae which accepts high energy electrons from reduced NAD?


  The electron transport chain
• What term is used to describe the reaction involving the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers in the electron transport chain?


  Redox reactions
• In respiration, what is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?


  Oxygen
• In respiration, a waste product is produced at the end of the electron transport chain. What is this waste product?


  water