B4

• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• What is transferred to chloroplasts during photosynthesis?

  Energy from light
• What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What are the products of photosynthesis?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What is respiration in the context of plants?

  It is the process of transferring energy from glucose.
• What are the four uses of glucose in plants?

  1. Respiration - energy transfer
  2. Strengthening cell walls - converted to cellulose
  3. Protein synthesis - forms amino acids
  4. Energy storage - turned into lipids or starch
• What factors can increase the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature, and amount of chlorophyll
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  It is a factor that stops photosynthesis from happening any faster.
• What happens to enzymes involved in photosynthesis at high temperatures?

  They can get damaged.
• What does the inverse square law relate to in photosynthesis?

  It links light intensity with distance from a light source.
• What happens to light intensity when the distance from the light source is doubled?

  It becomes four times smaller.
• What are the benefits of using greenhouses for photosynthesis?

  • Control limiting factors
  • Maximize rate of photosynthesis
  • Requires investment (costs money)
• What type of respiration is the most efficient?

  Aerobic respiration
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Lactic acid
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation in yeast?

  Anaerobic respiration that produces alcohol
• What is metabolism?

  • The sum of all reactions in a cell or body
  • Uses energy from respiration to make new molecules
• What happens to energy needs during exercise?

  More energy is needed for aerobic respiration.
• What physiological changes occur to meet increased oxygen demand during exercise?

  1. Increased heart rate
  2. Increased breathing rate
  3. Increased breath volume
• What is oxygen debt?

  The extra oxygen needed to react with lactic acid built up in muscles.
• What happens to heart rate and breathing rate after vigorous exercise?

  They stay high to repay oxygen debt.
• How does the liver help with lactic acid after exercise?

  It converts lactic acid back to glucose.