Communication methods

• What is the definition of synchronous communication?

  Data transferred at regular intervals and synchronized by a clock signal
• Why is synchronous communication useful for real-time data?

  It provides reliable data transfer with fewer bits
• What is a key characteristic of asynchronous communication?

  It doesn’t require permanent synchronization
• How does asynchronous communication synchronize data transmission?

  By sending additional bits called start and stop bits
• What is the purpose of start and stop bits in asynchronous data transmission?

  They help the receiver synchronize its clock to the sender's rate
• What must both devices agree on in asynchronous communication?

  How many bits of data will follow and whether a parity bit is used
• Why are stop bits important in asynchronous communication?

  They indicate that the data has arrived so the processor can handle it
• What is serial transmission?

  It sends and receives data one bit at a time
• Where are serial connections typically used?

  To connect peripherals to a computer
• What does the speed of serial transmission depend on?

  The type of cabling used
• What is the function of a Universal Serial Bus (USB)?


  It allows high-speed serial connections to connect peripheral devices
• How does parallel transmission differ from serial transmission?

  It uses multiple wires to send several bits simultaneously
• What is a disadvantage of parallel transmission?

  Skew, where bits arrive at different times
• Why is parallel transmission more expensive?

  It uses more hardware components
• What happens to the signal in parallel transmission as distance increases?

  The signal degrades with distance and speed
• What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous data transmission?

  Asynchronous sends data in groups with start and stop bits, while synchronous sends a stream of bits with timing signals
• What are the advantages of serial transmission over parallel transmission?

  • Less skew as data is sent one bit at a time
  • Requires fewer wires, reducing costs
  • Better signal integrity over longer distances
• What are the key components of asynchronous data transmission?

  • Data sent in groups
  • Agreed bit pattern
  • Start and stop bits for synchronization
• What are the key components of synchronous data transmission?

  • Data sent as a stream of bits
  • Contains timing signals generated by an internal clock