Communication Basics

• What is baud rate?

  Number of signal changes per second
• What is bit rate?

  Speed of data transmission in bits per second
• What is bandwidth?

  Capacity of the channel measured in hertz
• What is latency?

  Time delay in responding to an instruction
• What is a protocol?

  A set of rules for data transmission
• How do baud rate and bit rate differ?

  Bit rate can exceed baud rate with multiple bits
• What is the relationship between bit rate and bandwidth?

  Higher bandwidth allows for higher bit rate
• What does one baud represent?

  One electronic state change per second
• When does bit rate equal baud rate?

  When one bit is sent per symbol
• How is bandwidth measured?

  In hertz (Hz)
• What happens as bandwidth increases?

  More data can be sent faster
• What is propagation latency?

  Time for a logic gate to transmit data
• What is transmission latency?

  Time to pass through a communication medium
• What is processing latency?

  Time for data to pass around a network
• What does TCP/IP stand for?

  Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
• What does TCP/IP do with data sent over the internet?

  Splits data into packets for routing
• What does HTTP stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• What does HTTP govern?

  Exchange of files that make up web pages
• What does FTP stand for?

  File Transfer Protocol
• What does FTP regulate?

  Rules for transferring files on the internet
• What are the causes of latency in communication?

  • Propagation Latency: Logic gate transmission time
  • Transmission Latency: Time through communication medium
  • Processing Latency: Time around a network
• What are the key differences between TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP?

  • TCP/IP: Manages data packet routing
  • HTTP: Governs web page file exchange
  • FTP: Rules for file transfers on the internet