Interactionist approach

• What therapy did Turkington et al (2004) propose for schizophrenia symptoms?

  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• How does CBT help patients with paranoid beliefs about the Mafia?

  It challenges the patient's beliefs and considers more reasonable alternatives.
• What is an example of rationalizing a belief about the Mafia?

  Believing it is based on someone staring at the patient for a long time.
• What is the goal of family therapy for families with a schizophrenic member?

  To reduce stress and improve family attitudes towards schizophrenia.
• How does family therapy reduce the likelihood of relapse in schizophrenia patients?

  By lowering expressed emotion and improving cooperation with medical advice.
• What is a token economy system based on?

  Behaviourist principles.
• How do token economies work in psychiatric institutions?

  Patients are rewarded with tokens for displaying desirable behaviors.
• What can tokens be exchanged for in a token economy?

  Rewards or privileges.
• What is the primary purpose of psychological therapies for schizophrenia?

  To improve quality of life and manage symptoms.
• What does the interactionist approach to schizophrenia suggest?

  Both biological and psychological explanations and therapies should be used.
• Who proposed the original diathesis-stress model?

  Meehl (1962)
• What did Meehl propose as the diathesis in his model?

  A biological origin, specifically a single 'schizogene'.
• What is a limitation of Meehl's original diathesis-stress model?

  It is considered outdated and oversimplified.
• How has the understanding of stress changed in the context of schizophrenia?

  Stress can be psychological, such as childhood trauma.
• What did Ripke's findings reveal about the genetic basis of schizophrenia?

  There are over 108 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia.
• How does childhood trauma affect the HPA system in relation to schizophrenia?

  It leads to dysfunction and increased sensitivity to stressors.
• How does cannabis use relate to the risk of developing schizophrenia?

  It increases the risk by 7-fold when combined with other stressors.
• What is the significance of combining psychological and biological treatments for schizophrenia?

  It addresses both distal and proximal causes of the disorder.
• What did Tienari et al's 2004 study focus on?

  The adoption of children at high genetic risk for schizophrenia.
• What did Tienari et al find regarding adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia?

  Adoptive-family ratings were a significant predictor of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
• What does the evidence from Tienari et al's study suggest about the diathesis-stress model?

  A combination of diathesis and stressors is required to trigger schizophrenia.
• How does the modern understanding of diathesis differ from Meehl's original model?

  Diathesis can be both biological and psychological factors.
• What did Tarrier et al (2004) study regarding schizophrenia treatments?

  The effectiveness of a combination of psychological and biological treatments.
• What were the findings of Tarrier et al's study after 18 months?

  CBT and supportive counseling showed significant advantages over treatment as usual.
• What does the evidence from Tarrier et al's study suggest about the interactionist approach?

  It supports the validity of the diathesis-stress model as an explanation for schizophrenia.