schizophrenia - diagnosis and classification

• positive symptoms are anything that adds something to your personality such as hallucinations and delusions
• negative symptoms are anything that takes away from you personality such as speech poverty and avolition
• The classification system for the UK is ICD-10
• the classification system for the US is DSM-5
• the classification systems of ICD-10 and DSM-5 differ as DSM-5 requires one positive symptom and ICD-10 requires two or more negative symptoms for diagnosis
• ao3 strength - has good reliability as uses inter-rater reliability and test retest reliability.

  Osorio et al 2019 reported excellent reliability in 180 participants using DSM-5
• Ao3 weakness - it's subjective, so different clinicians may diagnose differently based on their own experiences which can lead to misdiagnosis.
• a03 limitation - low validity

  • clear differences between the two classification systems shown by Cheriaux et al 2009
• a03 - limitation - co morbidity

  • questions validity of diagnosis
  • Buckley et al showed 1/2 schizophrenics had depression or substance abuse
  • problem for classification as schizophrenia may not exist singularly
• a03 limitation - gender bias

  • woman diagnosed less than men maybe due to them getting more support
  • means woman may not be getting the needed treatment
• a03 - other limitations

  • system overlap
  • culture bias