heart

• What type of circulatory system do fish have?

  Single circulatory system
• Where does deoxygenated blood go in fish?

  To the gills for oxygenation
• What happens to blood after it collects oxygen in fish?

  It passes to the organs
• What is a drawback of a single circulatory system?

  Blood loses pressure passing through gills
• What is the main function of the heart?

  To pump blood around the body
• Why is the single circulatory system in fish a problem?

  The blood loses a lot of pressure as it passes through the gills before reaching the organs
• What type of circulatory system do humans have?

  Double circulatory system
• How does the double circulatory system in humans work?

  Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs, then oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the body
• How many chambers does the human heart have?

  4
• What are the names of the four chambers of the human heart?

  Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
• What are the four main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart?

  Vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta
• Describe the pattern of blood flow through the heart.

  Blood enters the left and right atria, the atria contract and force blood into the ventricles, the ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart
• Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?

  The left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body, so it needs to provide a greater force
• What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?

  To supply oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart
• What is the name of the group of cells in the right atrium that control the natural resting heart rate?

  Pacemaker
• What is an artificial pacemaker?

  A small electrical device implanted to correct irregularities in the heart rate
• If a person's natural pacemaker stops working properly, what device can be implanted to correct the heart rate?

  Artificial pacemaker
• How does the structure of the coronary arteries allow them to supply oxygen to the heart muscle?

  The coronary arteries branch out from the aorta and spread through the heart muscle
• If you wanted to measure the force with which the left ventricle pumps blood, which measurement would you use?

  Blood pressure
• How does the difference in wall thickness between the left and right ventricles relate to their functions?

  The left ventricle has a thicker wall because it pumps blood to the entire body, requiring more force, while the right ventricle only pumps to the lungs
• If a person has a blockage in one of their coronary arteries, what medical condition would they likely develop?

  Heart attack
• How does the double circulatory system in humans allow for more efficient oxygen delivery compared to the single circulatory system in fish?

  The double system allows the heart to pump blood to the lungs and body separately, maintaining higher blood pressure and enabling more oxygen to reach the body's cells
• If a person's natural pacemaker is not functioning properly, what symptom might they experience?

  Irregular heart rate
• How does the structure of the heart valves contribute to the efficient pumping of blood?

  The valves prevent backflow of blood between the chambers, ensuring one-way flow
• If a person has a blockage in one of their coronary arteries, what medical procedure could be used to restore blood flow?

  Coronary angioplasty
• If a person's heart rate is too slow, which type of pacemaker would their doctor likely implant?

  Artificial pacemaker
• How does the structure of the heart allow it to efficiently pump blood to the lungs and body?

  The four-chambered structure with atria and ventricles, valves to prevent backflow, and the thick muscular left ventricle wall all contribute to the heart's pumping efficiency
• If a person has a heart attack, which blood vessel is most likely to be blocked?

  Coronary artery
• How does the difference in wall thickness between the left and right ventricles relate to the different pressures they need to generate?

  The left ventricle has a thicker wall because it needs to generate higher pressure to pump blood to the entire body, while the right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs
• If a person's natural pacemaker is not functioning properly, what type of medical device could be implanted to regulate their heart rate?

  Artificial pacemaker
• How does the structure of the coronary arteries allow them to supply oxygen to the heart muscle?

  The coronary arteries branch out from the aorta and spread through the heart muscle, delivering oxygen directly to the cardiac cells
• How does the double circulatory system in humans allow for more efficient oxygen delivery compared to the single circulatory system in fish?

  The double system allows the heart to pump blood to the lungs and body separately, maintaining higher blood pressure and enabling more oxygen to reach the body's cells