measles and HIV

• What is a pathogen?

  A pathogen is a microorganism that causes infectious disease
• Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?

  No, viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics
• What are the symptoms of measles?

  • First symptom: fever (high temperature)
  • After about three days: red skin rash
• How is measles spread?

  Measles is spread through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
• What can happen if complications develop from measles?

  Complications can cause damage to the breathing system or brain
• Why are most children vaccinated against measles?

  To prevent serious complications and potential fatalities from the disease
• What is the first symptom of HIV?

  A flu-like illness
• What happens to the immune system over time in an HIV-infected patient?

  The immune system becomes severely damaged
• What can occur when the immune system is highly damaged in an HIV patient?

  The patient can easily contract other infections and may develop cancer
• What is late stage HIV also known as?

  AIDS
• How can HIV be treated?

  Using antiretroviral drugs
• What do antiretroviral drugs do?

  They stop the virus from multiplying inside the patient
• What is the effect of taking antiretroviral drugs on a patient's life expectancy?

  Patients can lead a normal life expectancy
• Are antiretroviral drugs a cure for HIV or AIDS?

  No, they are not a cure
• How is HIV transmitted?

  Through the exchange of fluids between humans
• What are two ways HIV can be spread?

  Unprotected sexual intercourse and sharing infected needles
• What should you remember about measles and HIV for your exam?

  • Causes and symptoms of measles and HIV
  • Measles is highly infectious and can be fatal
  • HIV leads to severe immune system damage and can result in AIDS
  • Antiretroviral drugs help manage HIV but are not a cure