charge on ions

• What charge do most non-metal ions have?

  Negative
• What charge do metal ions typically have?

  Positive
• How can you relate charges on ions to groups in the periodic table?

  The charge on a metal ion is often the same as the group number
• What is the general rule for the charges of metal ions based on their group number?

  • Sodium (Na) in group 1 forms a 1+ ion
  • Magnesium (Mg) in group 2 forms a 2+ ion
  • Aluminium (Al) in group 3 forms a 3+ ion
• What is the charge of the sodium ion?

  1+
• What is the charge of the magnesium ion?

  2+
• What is the charge of the aluminium ion?

  3+
• Which other metals form similar charges to sodium, magnesium, and aluminium?

  • Lithium and potassium (1+ ions)
  • Beryllium and calcium (2+ ions)
  • Gallium and indium (3+ ions)
• Why do transition metals differ from other metals in terms of ion charges?

  They can form several different ions
• What are the two common charges of iron ions?

  2+ and 3+
• What are the two common charges of copper ions?

  1+ and 2+
• What is the charge of the fluoride ion?

  1-
• What is the charge of the oxide ion?

  2-
• How do non-metal ions relate to their group numbers in the periodic table?

  • Oxygen (O) in group 6 forms a 2- ion
  • Sulfur (S) in group 6 forms a 2- ion
  • Fluorine (F) in group 7 forms a 1- ion
  • Chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) in group 7 also form 1- ions
• What are the two positive non-metal ions mentioned?

  Hydrogen ion (H+) and ammonium ion (NH4+)
• What is the formula for sodium sulfate?

  Na2SO4
• What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

  Ca(OH)2
• What is the relationship between charges on ions and their groups in the periodic table?

  Charges on ions can be relayed to their respective groups