Cultural variations in attachment

• What percentage of securely attached children was found in the USA according to the study?

  65%
• How many studies were conducted in the UK regarding attachment types?

  1 study
• What percentage of securely attached children was found in Holland?


  67%
• What percentage of securely attached children was reported in Germany?


  57%
• How many studies were included in the meta-analysis conducted by Van Izjendoorn and Kronenberg?


  32 studies
• What was the main finding of Simonella et al regarding securely attached children in Italy?

  The proportion of securely attached children was only 50%
• What did researchers suggest was the reason for the lower proportion of securely attached children in Italy?

  Changing cultural and social expectations of mothers
• What did Jin et al (2012) find regarding insecurely attached Korean infants?

  The majority were classed as insecure resistant
• How does the attachment pattern in Korean infants compare to that in Japan according to Jin et al's findings?

  Both show a higher prevalence of insecure resistant attachment
• What is a potential limitation of the study conducted by Van Izjendoorn and Kronenberg?

  It may lack ecological validity due to cultural variations within countries
• What did Sagi and van Izjendoorn find regarding attachment patterns in rural versus urban areas?

  Rural areas had an overrepresentation of insecure-resistant individuals
• What criticism is leveled against the Strange Situation regarding its cultural applicability?

  It is culture-bound and biased towards American children
• What is an example of imposed etic in the context of the Strange Situation?

  Ainsworth assumed attachment stages could be universally applied
• Why can the findings of van Izjendoorn and Kronenberg be considered reliable?

  They used significantly large samples, totaling 1990 children
• How does the large sample size in van Izjendoorn and Kronenberg's study affect the validity of their conclusions?

  It increases validity by reducing the likelihood of chance results
• What percentage of securely attached children was found in Japan?

  68%
• What percentage of securely attached children was found in China?

  50%
• What percentage of securely attached children was found in Israel?

  64%
• What percentage of securely attached children was found in Sweden?

  74%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in the USA?

  21%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in the USA?

  14%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in the UK?

  22%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in the UK?

  3%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in Holland?

  26%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in Holland?

  7%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in Germany?

  35%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in Germany?

  8%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in Japan?

  5%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in Japan?

  27%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in China?

  25%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in China?

  25%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in Israel?

  7%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in Israel?

  29%
• What percentage of avoidant attachment was found in Sweden?

  22%
• What percentage of resistant attachment was found in Sweden?

  4%