cognitive approach

• What does the cognitive approach argue about mental processes?

  They can and should be studied scientifically
• How does the cognitive approach contrast with the behaviorist approach?


  The cognitive approach focuses on internal mental processes, while behaviorism focuses on observable behavior
• What areas of human behavior does the cognitive approach investigate?

  Attention, perception, memory, language, and thinking
• How are internal mental processes studied in the cognitive approach?

  Indirectly via inferences based on observed behavior
• What is the difference between theoretical models and computer models in cognitive psychology?

  Theoretical models are abstract diagrams, while computer models are simulations created with programming
• What is one important theoretical model mentioned in the cognitive approach?


  The information processing approach
• What does the information processing approach suggest?

  Information flows through a sequence of cognitive systems including input, storage, and retrieval
• Can you name an example of a model related to the information processing approach?

  The multi-store model or the working memory model
• How can cognitive processing be affected according to the cognitive approach?

  By a person's beliefs or expectations, referred to as schema
• What are schemas in the context of the cognitive approach?


  Cognitive frameworks that help organize and interpret information
• How do schemas develop over time?

  They develop with age and experience
• How do schemas help us in daily life?

  They allow us to respond to situations appropriately
• How do schemas process information quickly?

  Through cognitive shortcuts like assumptions and stereotypes
• What is a downside of using schemas in interpreting information?

  They can lead to distorted interpretations, such as in eyewitness testimony
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes
• How does cognitive neuroscience relate to neurotransmitters?

  It studies how neurotransmitters impact behavior, such as serotonin on depression
• Who identified the area of the brain now known as Broca's area?

  Paul Broca
• What significant advancement has occurred in cognitive neuroscience over the last 20 years?

  Advances in brain imaging techniques like fMRIs and PET scans
• What did research by Tulving reveal about memory in the brain?

  Episodic and semantic memory are located on opposite sides of the prefrontal cortex
• What role has cognitive neuroscience played in understanding psychiatric disorders?

  It has shown links between brain structures and the development of disorders like OCD