Quarter 2

• What is a social group?

  A collection of two or more people who interact with each other
• What are the functions of social groups?

  Support and belonging, socialization, goals and achievement, and social control
• What are the classifications of social groups based on number?

  • Dyad: Social group of two people
  • Triad: Social group of three people
• Why is a triad stronger than a dyad?

  Because of the presence of a mediator
• What are the characteristics of primary groups?

  • Intimate, long-lasting relationships
  • Involves few people with face-to-face interactions
  • Deep emotional commitment
• Who identified primary groups as "nurseries for development"?

  Sociologist Charles Cooley
• What are the characteristics of secondary groups?

  • Impersonal and casual relationships
  • Short-term or temporary
  • Driven by specific shared interests and goals
• What is a reference group?

  Groups that serve as a standard or guide for comparison and evaluation
• What are the types of reference groups?

  • Informal Reference Group: Personal relationships with shared interests
  • Formal Reference Group: Authority positions with specific goals
  • Comparative Reference Group: Comparing oneself to others
• What is the difference between simple and complex social groups based on structure?

  Simple groups consist of immediate family, while complex groups include extended family
• What is a family composed of?

  People related through consanguineous or marital relationships
• What is the basic unit of society?

  The family
• What are the functions of a family?

  • Orient individuals to societal norms
  • Provide physical support as individuals mature
• What are the types of family?

  • Nuclear Family: Parents and children
  • Extended Family: Nuclear family plus relatives
  • Separated Family: Members separated due to various reasons
  • Transnational Family: Members living in different countries
• What are virtual communities?

  Social media, online forums, and gaming groups
• What is kinship?

  Relations formed by blood
• What are the types of kinship?

  • Consanguineal Kinship: By blood
  • Affinal Kinship: By marriage
  • Compadrazgo Kinship: By ritual (godparents)
  • Political Dynasty: Family involved in politics
  • Political Alliances: Cooperation for common goals
  • Descent: Origin or background in terms of family
• What are the forms of marriage?

  • Monogamy: One man and one woman
  • Polygamy: More than one spouse
  • Polygyny: One man, many women
  • Polyandry: One woman, many men
  • Cenogamy: Many men and women
  • Endogamy: Within a specific ethnic group
  • Exogamy: Outside a specific ethnic group
• What are the forms of membership in a family?

  • Conjugal or Nuclear: Primary members
  • Extended or Consanguine Family: Includes grandparents, cousins, etc.
• What are the forms of residence?

  • Patrilocal: Living with the groom's family
  • Matrilocal: Living with the wife's family
  • Neolocal: Living independently
• What are the forms of descent?

  • Patrilineal: Through the groom's family
  • Matrilineal: Through the bride's family
  • Bilineal: Both sides of the family
• What are the forms of authority in a family?

  • Patriarchal: Decisions made by the groom
  • Matriarchal: Decisions made by the bride
  • Equalitarian: Decisions made equally by both
• What is the impact of virtual communities?

  Extended reach but potential for superficial connections
• What is political structure?

  The organized way in which power is allocated
• What are the three branches of a constitution?

  • Legislative: Makes the law
  • Executive: Carries out the law
  • Judicial: Evaluates the law
• What is the duty of the legislative branch?

  To propose laws
• What power does the legislative branch have regarding war?

  They have the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war
• What is the role of the executive branch?

  To carry out laws and make appointments
• Who is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in the Philippines?

  The president
• What is the power of the judicial branch?

  To exercise original jurisdiction over specific cases
• What can the judicial branch do to executive actions?

  Declare them unconstitutional
• What is power in the context of political structures?

  The capacity to realize desired ends despite opposition
• What are the different political organizations?

  1. Bands: Simplest political systems, small groups
  2. Tribes: Loyalty per family cluster, horticulture
  3. Chiefdoms: Complex systems with social stratification
  4. Nations and States: Centralized, larger populations
• What is the size of bands in political organizations?

  20-50 individuals
• What characterizes chiefdoms?

  A complex political system incorporating religion and kinship
• What is the difference between simple and complex chiefdoms?

  Simple chiefdoms have a central village ruled by a single family, while complex chiefdoms consist of several chiefdoms ruled by a paramount chief
• What is the population size of nations and states?

  Tens of thousands
• What is the role of power in government?

  • Realizing desired ends despite opposition
  • Directing political lives of society
• What is the first form of society that requires a leader to survive?

  Bands
• How many individuals typically make up a band?

  20-50 individuals