REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS FEMALE & MALE

• What are the two types of reproduction ?

  Sexual and asexual reproduction
• What is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

  Offspring are genetically identical to the parent
• What is sexual reproduction characterized by?

  The mixing of gametes from two parents
• What are male gametes called?

  Spermatozoa
• What are female gametes called?

  Ova
• What is the purpose of the female reproductive system?

  To produce eggs ready for fertilization and support fetal development
• What is the term for the combined reproductive and urinary systems?

  Urinogenital system
• 5 types of female reproduction

  Viviparous, oviparous, ovoviviparous, monotremes and marsupials
• What is the role of the male reproductive system?

  To produce sperm and transport it to fertilize ova
• What is the process of sperm production called?

  Spermatogenesis
• What hormone influences male reproductive behavior patterns?

  Testosterone
• What are the main features of the male reproductive system?

  • Testes produce sperm
  • Ducts transport sperm to the penis
  • Glands add secretions to form semen
• Asexual: Formation of new individuals from an original through fission, fragmentation or regeneration
• Sexual: Two individuals produce offspring that have genetic characteristics from both parents
• Viviparous or placental: ▪ The embryo develops inside and receives nutrients from the mother who then gives birth to live young. Mammals.
• Oviparous refers to egg layers: ▪ The embryo develops inside the egg which hatches outside the mother’s body. It receives nutrients from yolk

  Birds/reptiles
• ovoviviparous: ▪ The embryo develops inside the egg which hatches inside the mother’s body before she gives birth. It receives nutrients from the yolk.

  Some reptiles
• Monotremes:

  They lay eggs but feed the young milk through openings in their skin, not teats. 3 species of mammals
• ▪ Marsupials

  give birth to the foetus which is not fully developed, it develops in the pouch and drinks milk
• Function of female reproductive tract :

  • Produce eggs or ova ready to be fertilised by the sperm of the male.
  • Provide a receptacle in which the fertilised eggs can develop into foetuses.
  • Secrete hormones that regulate the production of ova, the survival of fertilised eggs and the development of foetuses
• Stages of reproduction

  • Ovulation
  • Copulation
  • Fertilisation
  • Implantation
  • Gestation
  • Parturition
• Release of mature egg in the ovary 


  Ovulation
• Introduction of sperm into the females body 


  Copulation
• Introduction of sperm into the females body 


  Copulation
• Fusion of sperm and ovum (egg) to produce a zygote. 


  Fertilisation
• Attachment of the fertilised eggs to the uterine wall 


  Implantation
• Pregnancy (when the foetus develops ) 


  Gestation
• Delivery of the baby / offspring from female


  Parturition
• Function of male reproductive system:

  • To produce spermatozoa (sperm) through spermatogenesis to fertilise ova (eggs) produced by the female.
  • To secrete seminal fluids to aid the survival of the sperm and the transport of them into the female reproductive tract.
  • To secrete hormones to bring about secondary sexual characteristics and influence male reproductive behaviour patterns, i.e. Testosterone.