SLT

• What does social learning theory explain about behavior?

  It explains behavior through both direct and indirect reinforcement.
• How does social learning theory differ from traditional learning theories?

  It incorporates cognitive factors along with direct and indirect reinforcement.
• What are the two main ways people learn according to social learning theory?

  Observation and imitation.
• What is the role of cognitive mediation in social learning theory?

  It allows humans to process stimuli before responding.
• What are the four main concepts of social learning theory?

  1. Modelling
  2. Imitation
  3. Identification
  4. Vicarious reinforcement

  
• What is modelling in the context of social learning theory?

  Modelling is when someone demonstrates the behavior to be learned.
• Who can be considered as models in social learning theory?

  Live models like parents and symbolic models like celebrities.
• What are the key determinants of imitation?

  The observed consequences, the observer's perceived ability, and the characteristics of the model.
• Why are children more likely to imitate behaviors of role models?

  Because they identify with them and perceive similar characteristics.
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning that occurs by observing the rewards or punishments of others' behaviors.
• What are the four mediational processes identified by Bandura?

  Attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.
• How does attention affect the learning process?

  It determines the extent to which we notice certain behaviors.
• What does retention refer to in Bandura's mediational processes?

  How well the behavior is remembered.
• What is motor reproduction in the context of social learning theory?

  The ability of the observer to perform the behavior.

  
• What does motivation refer to in Bandura's mediational processes?

  The will to perform the behavior, influenced by rewards or punishments.
• What was the aim of Bandura, Ross, and Ross's (1961) study?

  To see if children would show more aggressive behavior when exposed to an aggressive role model.
• What was the basic procedure of Bandura's follow-up experiments?

  Children watched either a film of an aggressive model or a cartoon character acting aggressively.

  
• What was the independent variable in Bandura's 1965 study?

  Whether the model was rewarded, punished, or had no consequences.
• What were the results of Bandura's 1965 study regarding imitation?

  The 'Reward' condition produced the most imitation, while the 'Model Punished' condition produced much less imitation.
• What is one strength of Bandura's studies?

  They took place in carefully controlled environments, increasing internal validity.
• What is one weakness of Bandura's studies?

  Aggression could have been influenced by demand characteristics rather than genuine observational learning.
• How does social learning theory acknowledge cognitive factors in learning?

  It recognizes that people can store information and make judgments based on observations.
• What is a weakness of social learning theory regarding biological factors?

  It underestimates the influence of biological factors on behavior.
• Why is the reliance on lab studies considered a weakness of social learning theory?

  Lab studies may lack external validity and generalizability to real-life situations.
• How does social learning theory explain cultural differences in behavior?

  It accounts for how children learn and adopt cultural norms through modeling and imitation.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of social learning theory?

  Strengths:

  • Acknowledges cognitive factors in learning
  • Explains cultural differences in behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Underestimates biological influences
  • Relies on lab studies, which may lack external validity