REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

• What type of reproduction involves only one parent and no gametes?

  Asexual Reproduction
• What are the offspring of asexual reproduction like?

  They are clones, genetically identical to the parent.
• What are common methods of asexual reproduction in plants?

  Bulbs, tubers, runners, rhizomes, and leaves.
• What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

  It is fast and requires less energy.
• What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

  It has limited genetic variation, making populations vulnerable.
• What is the main characteristic of sexual reproduction?

  It involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
• What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

  It increases genetic variation, helping species adapt and survive.
• What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  It requires time and energy to find mates.
• What are the male parts of a flower called?

  Stamen
• What does the anther produce?

  Pollen (male gametes)
• What is the function of the filament in a flower?

  It holds up the anther.
• What are the female parts of a flower called?

  Carpel
• What is the function of the stigma in a flower?

  It has a sticky surface to catch pollen.
• What connects the stigma to the ovary in a flower?

  The style
• What does the ovary contain?

  Ovules (which become seeds after fertilization)
• What is the role of petals in a flower?

  They attract pollinators with color and scent.
• What is the function of the sepal in a flower?

  It protects the bud.
• What is pollination?

  The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
• What are the two main types of pollination?

  Self-pollination and cross-pollination.
• What is self-pollination?

  Pollen lands on the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
• What is cross-pollination?

  Pollen from one plant is transferred to another plant of the same species.
• What is an advantage of cross-pollination?

  It promotes genetic diversity, increasing adaptability.
• What happens after pollination?

  A pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary.
• What occurs during fertilization?

  The male and female nuclei fuse to form a zygote.
• What does the ovule develop into after fertilization?

  A seed
• What does the ovary mature into after fertilization?

  A fruit
• What is seed dispersal?

  The process of spreading seeds to new locations.
• What are the methods of seed dispersal?

  Wind, water, or animals.
• What is germination?

  The process by which a seed starts to grow.
• What does a seed need to germinate?

  Water, oxygen, and suitable temperature.
• Why is water important for germination?

  It activates enzymes and causes the seed to swell.
• Why is oxygen necessary for germination?

  It is essential for respiration, providing energy for the embryo.
• What temperature conditions are optimal for germination?

  Specific temperatures that allow enzymes to function best.
• What happens during the process of germination?

  The seed absorbs water and activates enzymes to break down stored food.
• What do enzymes do during germination?

  They break down stored food into simple sugars for energy.
• What are the key terms related to reproduction in plants?

  • Clone: Genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
  • Zygote: Fertilized egg cell.
  • Gametes: Sex cells (pollen and ovule in plants).
• What are the differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination?

  Self-Pollination:

  • Pollen lands on its own stigma or another flower on the same plant.
  • Leads to less genetic variety.

  
  

  Cross-Pollination:

  • Pollen is transferred to the stigma of a flower on a different plant.
  • Promotes genetic diversity.
• What are the characteristics of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers?

  Insect-Pollinated Flowers:

  • Brightly colored and scented.
  • Sticky pollen to attach to insects.

  
  

  Wind-Pollinated Flowers:

  • Dull-colored and light pollen.
  • Pollen easily carried by wind.
• What are the conditions necessary for germination?

  1. Water: Activates enzymes and causes seed to swell.
  2. Oxygen: Essential for respiration.
  3. Suitable Temperature: Optimal for enzyme function.