Enlightenment

• Neoclassicism


  revival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation
• Johann Sebastian Bach


  A German composer who wrote in the baroque style and produced grand and dramatic pieces.
• Mary Astell


  Wrote Serious Proposal to the Ladies that said women were to be better educated. She also argued for the equality of the sexes in marriage. Earned the title "the First English feminist."
• Enlightenment


  A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
• Social Contract


  An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed
• Philosophes


  Group of radical thinkers and writers during the Enlightenment and who popularized the new ideas of the time.
• Salons


  Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas
• Barouque


  Art that is florid, more colorful, richer in texture and decoration, more light and shade- apparently less control. Scenes embody mystery and drama, violence and spectacle, suggesting a deliberate striving after effect. The Catholic church commissions artists to stir religious emotions and win back defectors. Values: sensualsim, dynaism, emotion.
• Franz Joseph Haydn


  (1732-1809) Classical composer who spent most of his life as musical director for wealthy Esterhazy brothers; wrote The Creation and The Seasons. "Father of the Symphony
• Pogroms


  an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
• Pietism and the Moravian Brethren


  a form of Protestant mysticism that emphasized that it was the personal experience of God in one's life that constituted true religious experience
• John Wesley and Methodism


  After undergoing a spiritual crisis and a mystical experience, he became a missionary to the English people, declaring that all could be saved by experiencing God. Criticized by the Anglican church for his mysticism. Created Methodist church in US.
• John Locke


  Believed people could learn from experiences and improve themselves.
• Thomas Hobbes


  Wrote "Leviathan" and believed people were selfish.
• Voltaire


  Writer who used Satires to make political statements
• Montesquieu


  Believed Great Britain had the best government.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau


  Believed in individual freedoms
• Denis Diderot


  editor of the Encyclopedia
• Thomas Jefferson


  Helped write the Declaration of Independence.