act 4

• 
  

  The atmosphere created by the Weird Sisters' performances, which are supernatural and mysterious, making Macbeth and Lady Macbeth uneasy and excited.
• reactions

  
  

  Macbeth's deep-seated reactions to the Witches' prophecies, ranging from terror, anxiety, to obsessive desire for power.
• iambic pentameter

  A pattern of five iambs (unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable) per line, used by the Weird Sisters to create a sense of rhythm and flowing speech.
• chiasmus

  
  

  The technique used by the Weird Sisters to convey their prophecies, making it unclear what they mean and adding to the sense of mystery.
• 
  

  The use of vivid imagery and symbolism by the Weird Sisters to paint a picture of the events that will unfold, using words and phrases that evoke a sense of darkness, chaos, and confusion.
• rhyme

  
  

  The technique used by the Weird Sisters to create a sense of incantation and mysticism, drawing Macbeth and Lady Macbeth into their world.
• What did the witches tell Macbeth about his vulnerability?

  He can't be harmed by any man born from a woman.
• What prophecy did the witches give Macbeth regarding his defeat?

  He won't be defeated before the Birnam wood marches towards him.
• Why did Macbeth decide to kill Macduff?

  To feel safe after being warned by the witches.
• Where did Macduff flee to?

  England.
• What did Malcolm and Macduff agree on in Act 4, Scene 3?

  That fighting Macbeth is the right thing to do.
• How did Macduff react to the news of his family's death?

  He wanted revenge.
• What four things did the witches show Macbeth, and what does each signify?

  • Armed head: Beware of Macduff
  • Bloody child: Cannot be harmed by anyone "born of woman"
  • Crowned child with a tree: Will not be vanquished until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane
  • Eight kings followed by Banquo's ghost: Banquo's descendants will be kings
• What does Macbeth mean when he says, "Infected be the air whereon they ride, And damned all those that trust them!"?

  He is saying that he is now damned since he has trusted the witches.
• Where is Macduff at this point in the story?

  He is in England helping Malcolm.
• Why does Macbeth have Macduff's family and servants killed?

  Because Macduff is not loyal to Macbeth, and Macbeth is angry.
• Why is Malcolm in England?

  He flees to England because he fears for his life after King Duncan's murder.
• Why does Macduff travel to England?

  He does not agree with Macbeth's rule and seeks supporters to overthrow him.
• Why does Malcolm test Macduff?

  He fears that Macbeth sent Macduff to trick him into returning home.
• What does Malcolm tell Macduff to do with his grief?

  Malcolm tells Macduff to turn his grief into anger.
• What does Malcolm resolve to do by the end of Act 4?

  Malcolm decides that he will go and overthrow Macbeth.
• What do the witches' prophecies reveal about Macbeth's fate?

  They foreshadow his downfall and the consequences of his actions.
• How does Lady Macduff's perception of her husband's actions reflect the theme of loyalty?

  Her anger at Macduff's abandonment highlights the conflict between personal loyalty and political duty.