Fundamentals of data representation

• What is the most commonly used number system by humans?

  Decimal
• How many unique digits are in the decimal system?

  Ten
• What symbols does the binary number system contain?

  0 and 1
• Why was the decimal system developed?

  Because people had ten fingers and toes
• What must decimal numbers be converted into for computer use?

  Binary equivalent
• How is each decimal place value calculated?

  By multiplying the previous place value by ten
• What is the place value of the digit 1 in the number 124?

  100
• What is the value of the number 124 calculated using place values?

  (1 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (4 × 1)
• What are the key components of the decimal number system?

  • Ten unique digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
  • Each place value is a power of ten
  • Developed due to human anatomy (fingers and toes)
• What are the characteristics of the binary number system?

  • Contains two symbols: 0 and 1
  • Also known as base 2
  • Used by computers for calculations and data representation
• What is the basic unit of data in computing?

  Bit
• What does a binary digit represent?

  Two possible states: 1 and 0
• How many bits are in a byte?

  8 bits
• What is a nibble?

  Four bits or half a byte
• What are the units of data in the binary system?

  • 8 bits = 1 byte (B)
  • 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB)
  • 1,000 kilobytes = 1 megabyte (MB)
  • 1,000 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)
  • 1,000 gigabytes = 1 terabyte (TB)
  • 1,000 terabytes = 1 petabyte (PB)
• What is the binary number system also known as?

  Base 2
• How is data represented in a computer?

  All data is represented as binary digits
• What types of data can be represented in binary?

  Numbers, text, images, and sound
• What is the smallest unit of data a computer can use?

  Bit
• What is the purpose of binary in computing?

  To store and process all types of data
• How does the binary unit system describe larger numbers?

  By using multiples of 1,000
• What is the relationship between bits and bytes?

  1 byte = 8 bits
• What is the significance of the binary digit in computing?

  It is the fundamental building block of data
• What is the common usage of multiples of 1,000 in computing?

  To calculate storage space for disk drives
• What is the role of instructions in data processing?

  Data is acted on by instructions
• What is the largest unit of data mentioned in the material?

  Petabyte (PB)
• What is the significance of character encoding in data representation?

  It allows text to be represented in binary
• How do binary addition and binary shift relate to data processing?

  They are methods used in binary calculations
• What is the binary number system also known as?

  Base 2
• What symbols does the binary number system contain?

  0 and 1
• What are the first eight binary place values?

  • 128
  • 64
  • 32
  • 16
  • 8
  • 4
  • 2
  • 1
• How do you convert binary to decimal?

  Add place values with a 1
• What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1111100?

  124
• What is another name for the decimal number system?

  Denary
• How do you convert from decimal to binary?

  Subtract the biggest place value possible
• What is the binary representation of the decimal number 84?

  01010100
• How can you check if the binary conversion is correct?

  Convert the binary back to decimal
• What is the method to convert a decimal number to binary by division?

  Divide by two and reverse digits
• What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 12?

  1100
• What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 42?

  101010