Education

• What is a norm?


  Social rules defining correct behaviour
• What are values?


  Beliefs about what's right and wrong
• Example of primary socialisation?


  family
• Examples of secondary socialisation?


  Media, school
• Norms and values are socially constructed. What does that mean?


  Made by individuals in society
• Why are norms and values good?

  Allows society to live in a safer environment
• Who is the founder of Functionalism?

  Emile Durkheim
• What did Durkheim believe about society?

  In social solidarity
• What is social solidarity?


  Developing a shared awareness of norms and values --> brings people together
• Who made the bridge effect?

  Parsons
• What is the bridge effect?

  Primary socialisation to secondary socialisation
• What are particularistic standards?


  Standards within the family
• What are universalistic standards?


  Apply to everyone in society
• Who made role allocation?

  Davis and Moore
• What are Davis and Moore's theories?


  That the education system sifts/sorts people into future roles
• What is meritocracy?


  People are given jobs based on their talents/achievements
• What do Marxists believe?


  That richer classes used the education system to brainwash the working class
• Who is Louis Althusser?


  A marxist that believed the system was deliberately failing working class for high profits
• What is the hidden curriculum?


  Brainwashing lower class in a secret way to keep rich in their positions to prevent rebellion
• Who are Bowle and Gintis?


  A pair of Marxist sociologists
• What are Bowle and Gintis' theories?


  That there's a correspondence between school and the workplace
• What are Bowle and Gintis' arguments?


  That the system prepared pupils for life in the capitalist system
• What are the 3 functions of the education system?


  Social solidarity, Bridge effect and Role allocation
• What do Marxists believe about meritocracy?


  They believe it is a myth and that working class are manipulated by the ruling class
• What are 3 types of Feminists?


  Radical, Liberal and Intersectional
• What are liberal feminists views on education?


  That education is now useful to girls and many barriers that women faced in the past are now removed
• What do Radical Feminists believe about the education system?


  That it continues to oppress women
• Why do Radical feminists believe the system is still patriarchal?


  Because sexual harassment is not treated as seriously in school
• What are Intersectional feminists views on education?


  That minority-ethnic girls are victims of stereotyping and assumptions
• Is feminism still needed in education?


  Not as much in the UK but in other areas as some girls are still not able to go to school
• How may stereotypes and assumptions affect minority-ethnic girls?


  Teachers may pay less attention to girls, they may feel discouraged about their ambitions
• What is the GIST WISE?


  A program that encourages girls to learn certain subjects that weren't encouraged
• What is the Correspondence principle?


  That there is a link between school and the workplace
• What is 1 example of cultural capital?


  Travelling to other countries
• Who wrote about Cultural Capital?

  Pierre Bourdieu
• Which 2 Sociologists wrote about the hidden costs of education?

  Bull and Tanner
• Who wrote about language codes?

  Bernstein
• What is the definition of Cultural capital?


  Where the middle class have knowledge and cultural experiences that ensures they succeed in school
• What is it called when schools receive £3000 to help pupils with the hidden costs of education?


  Pupil premium
• What is an example of an home + health issue?


  Poor diet, no study space