Atoms, Ions and Isotopes

• What are the three main components discussed in the study material related to atoms?

  Atoms, ions, and isotopes
• What do the atomic number and mass number describe about an atom?

  They tell you how many of each kind of particle an atom has
• What is the formula for the mass number?

  Mass number = Total number of protons and neutrons
• How can the mass number and atomic number be represented in some periodic tables?

  In some notations, these numbers are the other way round
• Which number is always the larger one in an atom?

  The mass number
• What does the atomic (proton) number indicate?

  It tells you how many protons there are in an atom
• What can be said about atoms of the same element regarding protons?

  Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons
• What symbol represents an element in the periodic table?

  The big X represents the element's symbol
• How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
• What is the relationship between neutral atoms and their protons and electrons?

  Neutral atoms have the same number of protons as electrons
• Why do neutral atoms have no overall charge?

  Because the charges of protons and electrons cancel out
• How many electrons does a neutral atom have in relation to its atomic number?

  The number of electrons is equal to the atomic number
• What forms when atoms gain or lose electrons?

  Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons
• What are negative ions and how do they form?

  Negative ions form when atoms gain electrons, having more electrons than protons
• How do positive ions form?

  Positive ions form when atoms lose electrons, having more protons than electrons
• How many electrons does the ion F- have if it has an atomic number of 9?

  1. has 10 electrons
• How many electrons does the ion Fe²⁺ have if it has an atomic number of 26?

  Fe²⁺ has 24 electrons
• What are isotopes?

  Isotopes are different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
• What do isotopes have in common regarding atomic numbers?

  Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
• What would happen if isotopes had different atomic numbers?

  They would be different elements altogether
• What is a famous example of an isotope?

  Carbon-12
• How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Carbon-12 have?

  Carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons
• What are the key differences between ions and neutral atoms?

  • Ions have different numbers of protons and electrons
  • Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons
  • Ions can be positive or negative based on electron gain or loss
• What are the key characteristics of isotopes?

  • Same atomic number
  • Different mass numbers
  • Different numbers of neutrons
• What is the significance of the atomic number in identifying elements?

  • It determines the number of protons in an atom
  • It distinguishes one element from another
  • Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number