Ionic Bonding

• What is ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonding is the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• What happens when atoms lose or gain electrons?

  They form simple ions, which are charged particles.
• What are simple ions?

  Simple ions are charged particles that can be single atoms or groups of atoms.
• Why do atoms form ions?

  Atoms form ions to achieve a full outer shell, also known as a stable electronic structure.
• What type of ions do metals form when they lose electrons?

  Metals form positive ions when they lose electrons.
• What type of ions do non-metals form when they gain electrons?

  Non-metals form negative ions when they gain electrons.
• How is the charge of an ion determined?

  The charge of an ion is equal to the number of electrons lost or gained.
• If an atom loses 2 electrons, what is the charge of the ion formed?

  The charge of the ion is 2+.
• If an atom gains 3 electrons, what is the charge of the ion formed?

  The charge of the ion is 3-.
• Which groups of elements are most likely to form ions?

  Groups 1, 2, 6, and 7 are most likely to form ions.
• What do elements in the same group have in common regarding ion formation?

  Elements in the same group have the same number of outer electrons.
• How does reactivity change as you go down Groups 1 and 2?

  Reactivity increases as you go down Groups 1 and 2.
• How does reactivity change as you go down Groups 7 and 8?

  Reactivity decreases as you go down Groups 7 and 8.
• What occurs when a metal and a non-metal react together?

  The metal loses electrons to form a positively charged ion, while the non-metal gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion.
• What is the nature of the attraction between oppositely charged ions?

  They are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces.
• How do you find the formula of an ionic compound?

  You balance the positive and negative charges of the ions.
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl2
• What is the formula for potassium oxide?

  K2O
• What are the key characteristics of ionic bonds?

  • Formed between metals and non-metals
  • Involves transfer of electrons
  • Results in the formation of oppositely charged ions
  • Strong electrostatic attraction between ions
• What are the differences in ion formation between metals and non-metals?

  • Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
  • Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
  • Metals are typically found in Groups 1 and 2
  • Non-metals are typically found in Groups 6 and 7