Distillation

• What is the purpose of distillation?

  To separate mixtures that contain liquids
• What are the two types of distillation mentioned?

  Simple and fractional distillation
• What is simple distillation used for?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can you obtain pure water from seawater using simple distillation?

  By pouring seawater into a distillation flask and heating it
• What happens to the water during simple distillation?

  The water evaporates and then condenses back into a liquid
• What is left in the distillation flask after simple distillation of seawater?

  Salt
• What is a limitation of simple distillation?

  It can only separate liquids with very different boiling points
• What should you use to heat a flammable liquid during distillation?

  An electric heater or a water bath
• What is fractional distillation used for?

  To separate a mixture of liquids
• How does fractional distillation work?

  Different liquids evaporate at different temperatures
• What happens when the temperature on the thermometer matches the boiling point of a liquid in fractional distillation?

  The liquid with that boiling point reaches the top of the column
• What occurs to liquids with higher boiling points during fractional distillation?

  They partially evaporate but condense and run back down the column
• What is used to model fractional distillation of crude oil?

  A fractionating column and condenser
• What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To allow liquids to evaporate and condense at different heights
• How does the temperature gradient in the fractionating column affect the separation of liquids?

  It allows liquids with higher boiling points to condense before reaching the top