Reactions of Acids

• What do many metals react with to produce salts?

  Acids
• What is the general reaction formula for an acid reacting with a metal?

  Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
• What type of salts does hydrochloric acid produce?

  Chloride salts
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium.

  2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂
• What type of salts does sulphuric acid produce?

  Sulphate salts
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with magnesium.

  H₂SO₄ + Mg → MgSO₄ + H₂
• What happens when nitric acid reacts with metals?

  You get a nitrate salt and a mixture of nitrogen gas, water, NO, and NO₂
• What is the general reaction formula for an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?

  Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate.

  2HCl + Na₂CO₃ → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with potassium carbonate.

  H₂SO₄ + K₂CO₃ → K₂SO₄ + H₂O + CO₂
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of nitric acid with zinc carbonate.

  2HNO₃ + ZnCO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + H₂O + CO₂
• What do acids and alkalis react to produce?

  A salt and water
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.

  HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with zinc hydroxide.

  H₂SO₄ + Zn(OH)₂ → ZnSO₄ + 2H₂O
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of nitric acid with potassium hydroxide.

  HNO₃ + KOH → KNO₃ + H₂O
• How can soluble salts be made using acid/alkali reactions?

  • React an acid with an alkali.
  • Use titration to find the exact amount of alkali needed.
  • Carry out the reaction without an indicator.
  • Filter off the solid and dry it to obtain pure salt.
• Why can't you just add an excess of alkali to the acid when making soluble salts?

  Because the salt is soluble and would be contaminated with excess alkali
• What remains in the solution after the reaction to make soluble salts is complete?

  Only the salt and water
• What is the process to obtain a pure, dry salt after the reaction?

  Filter off the solid and dry it
• What should you refer to for help with writing and balancing chemical equations?

  Page 36
• Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium carbonate.

  2HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂